Compared Biology and Behavior of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) and Phytoseiulus macropilis (Banks) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) on Bollgard TM and non-Transgenic Isoline Cotton ABSTRACT -The two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, is a nontarget herbivore of Bt-cotton, but acquires and accumulates higher levels of Cry toxin than that expressed by transgenic plants. This work investigated the development and reproduction of T. urticae and of the predator Phytoseiulus macropilis Banks, during three successive generations looking for potential nontarget effect. In addition, behavioral studies on feeding preference, oviposition, and predation were carried out on Bt and non-Bt cottons. The development and reproduction of T. urticae and P. macropilis was conducted using leaf discs of Bt and non-Bt cottons. Arena containing leaf discs from both cotton types connected by a slide coverslip were also used in the behavioral studies. Averages of the three generations showed that the Bt-cotton does not affect the development, survival of immature stages, and reproductive output of T. urticae and of the predator P. macropilis. Furthermore, the preference for feeding and oviposition of T. urticae and P. macropilis were similar on both cotton types. In addition, P. macropilis exhibited similar predatory behavior on T. urticae fed on both cotton types. Levels of Cry1Ac toxin in T. urticae was 3.97 times greater than that found in the Bt-cotton plants as determined using a ELISA test. Despite of the amount of toxin acquired by the prey (T. urticae), no detectable levels of Cry1Ac were found in the predatory mite P. macropilis.

The effects of tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco), lemon (Citrus medica limonum Lush), pear orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck), red copaiba (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.), rosemary (Baccharis dracunculifolia De Candole), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus Labillardière and E. citriodora Hook), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.) and citronella (Cimbopogon nardus Linnaeus) oils at several concentrations on Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) were studied. In toxicity tests, grains of Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Rajadinho were impregnated with oils and infested with adults of Z. subfasciatus up to 24 hours old. All tested oils were effective in reducing the viable egg-laying and adult emergence of this pest, in function of the concentrations used, highlighting E. citriodora and E. globulus oils which caused 100% effectiveness from 0.5 mL Kg -1 concentration. In repellency tests, two arenas consisting of plastic containers, connected symmetrically to a central box by two plastic tubes were used. In one of the boxes, untreated beans were placed and on the other ones beans treated with each oil concentration were used. In the central box, five couples of Z. subfasciatus were released. Grains of P. vulgaris treated with oils of E. citriodora, C. citratus and C. oleifera reduced the attraction percentage of Z. subfasciatus adults, while the E. globulus increased this percentage. The percentages of reduced viable eggs ranged from 17.9% (C. medica limonum) to 93.3% (C. nardus), while the reduction on the number of emerged insects was 23.9% and 95.9%, respectively for these same oils. KEYWORDS: Botanical insecticides, bean weevil, bioactivity, behavioral effect.Toxicidade e repelência de óleos essenciais a Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman) (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae) em grãos de Phaseolus vulgaris L. RESUMOEstudaram-se os efeitos dos óleos de tangerina 'Cravo' (Citrus reticulata Blanco), limão-siciliano (Citrus medica limonum Lush), laranja 'Pêra' (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeek), copaíba-vermelha (Copaifera langsdorffii Desf.), alecrim-do-campo (Baccharis dracunculifolia De Candole), eucalipto (Eucalyptus globulus Labillardière e Eucalyptus citriodora Hook), capim-santo (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf.) e citronela (Cymbopogon nardus L.), em diversas concentrações, sobre Zabrotes subfasciatus (Boheman). Nos testes de toxicidade, grãos de Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Rajadinho foram impregnados com os óleos e infestados com adultos de Z. subfasciatus com até 24 horas de idade. Todos os óleos foram eficientes na redução da postura de ovos viáveis e na emergência de adultos desta praga, em função das concentrações utilizadas, destacando-se E. citriodora e E. globulus, que a partir da concentração de 0,5 mL Kg -1 já causaram 100% de eficácia. Nos testes de repelência utilizaram-se arenas compostas por dois recipientes plásticos, interligados simetricamente a uma caixa central por dois tubos plásticos. Numa das caixas colocaram-se grãos de feijão não tratados e, na outra, feijões tratados com cada uma das concentrações de ól...

Resumo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi registrar a predação de sementes de Syagrus coronata (Martius) (Arecaceae) por larvas de Pachymerus nucleorum (Fabricius), no município de Caetés, Pernambuco nordeste do Brasil. Os frutos foram coletadas de 10 plantas adultas de Syagrus coronata (Arecaceae) no entorno da usina experimental de biodiesel de Caetés-PE, após a definição de um raio de 1,5 m ao redor da copa, esta foi dividida em quatro quadrantes, e através de sorteio, foi colocado um coletor no quadrante vencedor a 1m da estipe. Na análise os frutos com orifício de saída e/ou pela presença da larva no processo de liberação da amêndoa, o nível de infestação alcançou 80% dos frutos analisados. Em outra situação amêndoas aparentemente sadias, ou seja, sem danos superficiais foram observadas diariamente por 60 dias as quais, ocorreram 18% de emergência de larvas até os 41dias, atingindo o pico da predação entre o décimo e o décimo oitavo dia, com 48% de toda predação. Abstract. The aim of the present study was to observe seed predation by larvae of Pachymerus nucleorum (Fabricius) on seeds of Syagrus coronata (Martius) (Arecaceae) in Caetés, Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Fruits of 10 adult plants of S. coronata were collected in the surroundings of the experimental biodiesel plant of Caetés. The projection of the crown within 1.5 m from the stipe was devided into four quadrants, one of which was randomly selected for sampling. In the first analysis of the larvae presence or their holes of emergence, the infestation level reached 80% of the analyzed fruits. In an another situation, apparently uninfested fruits (without superficial damage) were daily observed for 60 days, occurring 18% of larvae emergence within 41 days, with the peak of predation between the tenth and the eighteenth day, period in which 48% of total predation was observed. PalavrasKeywords: Coconut bug; Palm; Predation; Syagrus coronata. _____________________________________icuri (Syagrus coronata) (Martius) Beccari, pertence à família Arecaceae (Noblick 1991). Palmeira típica do semiárido nordestino, a espécie tem uma boa adaptação às regiões secas da caatinga, abrangendo o norte de Minas Gerais, ocupando toda a porção oriental e central da Bahia, até o sul de Pernambuco, incluindo também os Estados de Sergipe e Alagoas (Noblick 1991), sendo conhecida ainda por aricuri, nicuri, alicuri e ouricuri.A frutificação de S. coronata começa seis anos após o plantio. A produção média anual em um hectare nativo de licuri é de 2.000 Kg de frutos. Nos anos de pluviosidade abaixo da média, a produção diminui, porém sempre ocorre de maneira satisfatória. No entanto, em um licurizal bem plantado e bem cultivado, a produção não deverá ser inferior a 4.000 Kg.ha A propagação de S. coronata é feita exclusivamente de forma sexuada. Como a maioria das espécies de palmeiras, o licuri apresenta dificuldades para germinar, mesmo sob condições adequadas (cuNha & JarDim 1995).Além de (rufiNo et al. 2008) que aplicaram um questionário em comunidades da Bahia e descobriram...

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Despite the continued efforts on the search for different genotypes, Capsicum annuum (L.) is quite susceptible to attack by pest arthropods, especially the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus Banks. Thus, the host preference, population growth and the injuries assessment of P. latus was studied on six C. annuum genotypes used in Brazil (Atlantis, California Wonder, Impact, Palloma, Rubia and Tendence). Host preference was accessed in choice tests, pairing the several genotypes, and the population growth was observed through non-choice tests in laboratory. The injuries assessments were evaluated in the greenhouse, comparing the injury level among the six genotypes. The results indicate that California Wonder and Palloma genotypes were more preferred by P. latus, and Impact and Tendence were less preferred. P. latus presented positive population growth rates (ri) on all the genotypes, however, Palloma and California Wonder showed the highest values of population growth rate (ri = 0.344 and ri = 0.340, respectively), while Impact had the lowest value (ri = 0.281). All the evaluated C. annuum genotypes showed low tolerance to P. latus and exhibited several injuries, but there was no statistical difference between them. California Wonder had the highest average number of mites/leaf (57.15), while Impact and Tendence obtained the lowest values (36.67 and 35.12, respectively) at the end of the evaluation period. The total average of injuries notes at the end of the bioassay did not differ between the genotypes. The number of mites/leaf was growing for the injury scale to the note 3.0, but when the injury scale approached the note 4.0, there was observed a decrease in the number of mites/leaf for all the genotypes.