This article reviews the current state of knowledge about the color of the flower of the chia (Salvia hispanica L.) plant because it presents different colors, within a population that was the basis for the generation of five internationally marketed varieties. After a historical review of the most influential studies on floral color polymorphism, the different types of pigments involved and other anthropogenic manipulations such as the application of ionizing radiation that may affect the final color of flowers are analyzed; the latter is involved in the current polymorphism of this species. Although there is a great diversity of types of floral polymorphism, those related to the loss of anthocyanic pigments are the most frequent in wild species. On the contrary, in chia it is the opposite, so far there are no study reports on chia cultivation that support this relationship, in this article we propose a possible hypothesis in relation to a genetic mechanism that is the modified cause of the floral polymorphism it presents.

The experiment was conducted from May to August 2018 at the Technological University of the Southwest of Guanajuato (UTSOE) in a randomized complete block design with three repetitions, in greenhouse 1 of 700 m2 of the Sustainable and Protected Agriculture Career; with the purpose of evaluating the effect of three levels of thinning of fruits, with four, five fruits and without thinning, in the yield and plant variables in seven varieties of saladette tomato produced under greenhouse and in hydroponic substrate. The varieties evaluated were: Natalie, USATX 12227, USATX 9934, Juan Pablo, USATX 24019, USATX 16117, USATX 15538, all established at a density of 31,250 plants per hectare. The thinning levels of four and five fruits per cluster had a positive influence on tomato yield, on treatments without thinning, the Natalie and Juan Pablo varieties being the ones with the highest yield, after three weeks of harvest. Regarding the number of leaves, despite finding statistical differences (p≤ 0.01), the thinning of fruits did not necessarily influence the development of leaves, but rather was due to the genetics of each variety, the USATX 24019 variety being the that more leaves developed.

The objective of this project was to carry out an analysis of the indoor climate of the greenhouse located in the Valle de Santiago region, Guanajuato. It is a zenith-type greenhouse with two wings with a symmetrical face. An orthogonal mesh was made of 50 nodes (25 nodes for each height) Total Den located in the cultivable area and taking the value at the midpoint of each rectangle considering two heights 0.25m and 1.30m with respect to the ground. Humidity and temperature readings were taken in each of the nodes for three weeks and subsequently a data analysis was made and a comparison with the data collected in the different situations; also the temperature was analyzed with the double sum of Riemann and the rule of the middle point. In conclusion, it was determined that the greenhouse yields heat on warm days, while it receives heat on cold days. This behavior coincides with previous studies; however, it occurs that with the hydroponic method there is a greater growth of the crop.

The experiment was conducted from May to August 2018 at the Technological University of the Southwest of Guanajuato (UTSOE) in a randomized complete block design with three repetitions, in greenhouse 1 of 700 m2 of the Sustainable and Protected Agriculture Career; with the purpose of evaluating the effect of pruning at one and two stems per plant, on yield, fruit weight and plant variables in seven varieties of saladette tomato produced under greenhouse and in hydroponics. The varieties evaluated were: Natalie, USATX 12227, USATX 9934, Juan Pablo, USATX 24019, USATX 16117, USATX 15538, all established at a density of 31,250 plants or stems per hectare. Pruning at two stems per plant produced the highest yield in the USATX 16117, USATX 9934 and Natalie varieties, producing more than 2.3 kg per plant after six weeks of harvest. For the fruit weight, the USATX 9934 variety with two stems, was the one that produced fruits of greater caliber, being one of the three varieties with the highest yield. For the plant height, the USATX 24019 variety with one stem was the one with the highest height three months after the transplant.

Es un cultivo anual de ambientes templados y semicálidos con suelos arcillosos y arenosos. Existen poblaciones silvestres en México que en tiempos precolombinos permitieron seleccionar plantas con fruto más grande que no dispersara la semilla. Las variedades domesticadas, comparadas con las silvestres, tienen semillas de mayor tamaño, inflorescencia más compacta, cálices cerrados, flor más larga, dominancia apical, uniformidad en los periodos de floración y maduración. La chía contiene entre 9 y 23% de proteína, 26-41% de carbohidratos y de 30 a 33% de aceite, 40% de fibra dietética y calcio y un alto contenido de antioxidantes. Ha adquirido gran importancia porque se considera un alimento funcional. Existe consenso sobre la importancia del estudio y conservación de los recursos fitogenéticos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar la diversidad morfológica de 31 genotipos de chía con base en las variaciones identificadas entre poblaciones silvestres y domesticadas. Se observó que la presencia de antocianinas es característica de plantas silvestres, así como la presencia de cáliz abierto, que está relacionado con la dispersión de las semillas; estas fueron más pequeñas y oscuras y sus cálices fueron cortos y se abrieron al madurar. El tamaño de la semilla y el peso de mil semillas están altamente correlacionado con el rendimiento por planta. Las plantas domesticadas presentaron cáliz cerrado, sin coloración por antocianinas, reducción de la pubescencia en la mayor parte de la planta, inflorescencia más grande, mayor número de floretes, mayor peso de semilla, mayor rendimiento. Se caracterizaron y agruparon poblaciones domesticadas, semidomesticadas y silvestres. Las silvestres presentan cáliz abierto. Las semidomesticadas son semejantes a las cultivadas pero presentan cáliz abierto. Las domesticadas tuvieron dominancia apical, mayor tamaño de espiga y cáliz cerrado.