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Objective: To demonstrate if one or more golden relationships between different measurements of the human face exist. Materials and Methods: To make our measurements, we used three-dimensional (3D) stereophotogrammetry, which has proved to be the ''gold standard'' in the field of facial anthropometry. We obtained 3D stereophotogrammetric facial acquisitions of 400 healthy young adult subjects, then had them scored by an Evaluation Jury. Each subject received an esthetic evaluation ranging from 0 to 40. Individuals with a score larger than 28 were considered very attractive (VA), and individuals with a score lower than 12 were considered not attractive (NA). Fifteen subjects per group were chosen by chance, with a final total group of 60 subjects: 15 VA males, 15 NA males, 15 VA females, and 15 NA females. For each subject, a set of facial distances was obtained from the stereophotogrammetric facial reconstruction, and 10 ratios were computed. The effects of sex and attractiveness were tested by analysis of variance. Additionally, Student's ttests verified if the ratios were statistically different from the golden ratio. Results: For nine ratios, no significant effects of sex or attractiveness were found. Only the eyemouth distance/height of the mandible ratio was significantly influenced by sex (P 5 .035) and attractiveness (P 5 .032). Seven out of 10 ratios were statistically different from the hypothetical value of 1.618, and only three of them were similar to the golden ratio. Conclusions: Ratios between 3D facial distances were not related to attractiveness. Most of the facial ratios were different from the golden ratio. (Angle Orthod. 2013;83:801-808.)

Intraocular inflammation, increased IOP, and CME were major complications in nonvitrectomized eyes after phacoemulsification; retinal detachment occurred in 2 vitrectomized eyes. In eyes with intravitreal lens fragments after phacoemulsification, vitrectomy can yield faster visual rehabilitation and better quality of vision. Conservative management is feasible at the price of long-term intraocular inflammation and slower restoration of comparable visual function.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) that are derived from stem cells are proving to be promising therapeutic options. We herein investigate the therapeutic potential of EVs that have been derived from different stem cell sources, bone-marrow (MSC) and human liver (HLSC), on mesangial cells (MCs) exposed to hyperglycaemia. By expressing a dominant negative STAT5 construct (ΔNSTAT5) in HG-cultured MCs, we have demonstrated that miR-21 expression is under the control of STAT5, which translates into Transforming Growth Factor beta (TGFβ) expression and collagen production. A number of approaches have been used to show that both MSC- and HLSC-derived EVs protect MCs from HG-induced damage via the transfer of miR-222. This resulted in STAT5 down-regulation and a decrease in miR-21 content, TGFβ expression and matrix protein synthesis within MCs. Moreover, we demonstrate that changes in the balance between miR-21 and miR-100 in the recipient cell, which are caused by the transfer of EV cargo, further contribute to providing beneficial effects. Interestingly, these effects were only detected in HG-cultured cells. Finally, it was found that HG reduced the expression of the nuclear encoded mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) components, CoxIV. It is worth noting that EV administration can rescue CoxIV expression in HG-cultured MCs. These results thus demonstrate that both MSC- and HLSC-derived EVs transfer the machinery needed to preserve MCs from HG-mediated damage. This occurs via the horizontal transfer of functional miR-222 which directly interferes with damaging cues. Moreover, our data indicate that the release of EV cargo into recipient cells provides additional therapeutic advantages against harmful mitochondrial signals.

Purpose To report the long-term sequential morphological and functional results in eyes with metamorphopsia after retinal detachment (RD) repair. Patients and methods In six eyes of six patients aged 58.7±11.0 years with metamorphopsia after successful buckling surgery for macula-off RD, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus biomicroscopy, Amsler grid test, time-domain optical coherence tomography (TD-OCT) and central 121 microperimetry (MP-1) were performed at months 1, 3, 6, 12, and 18. At 5 to 6 years after surgery all patients underwent also spectral domain (SD)-OCT. Results Three eyes slowly recovered pre-RD BCVA. In the remaining three eyesFwith good final BCVAFthe interrupted junction line between photoreceptor cell inner and outer segments (IS/OS) was progressively less evident after RD surgery; and the external limiting membrane was preserved on SD-OCT examination. In all eyes post-operative metamorphopsia faded with time, but fully disappeared in 6 years only in two eyes without photoreceptor abnormalities. One of the two eyes with subretinal fluid up to 6 months and IS/OS disruption had central dense scotoma with relatively unstable fixation on MP-1 and persistent metamorphopsia. Macular sensitivity (MS) increased from 9.7 ± 7.1 at month 1 to 13.5 ± 5.6 dB at the final check, and was weakly (r ¼ 0.33) correlated with post-operative BCVA and OCT abnormalities. Conclusion Long-standing metamorphopsia can occur after successful macula-off RD repair even without detectable photoreceptor disruption on OCT. Post-operative BCVA recovery weakly correlates with increasing MS, and late restoration of the photoreceptor layer may be observed