Social entrepreneurship (SE) is an emerging research field that has received much scholarly attention in recent years. Given the global scope of this attention, this review explores the existing scientific literature on social entrepreneurship to contribute to a systematization of the research field. Based on the publications in Web of Science and Scopus, a total of 1425 scientific articles were analyzed. We used the bibliometric method to describe the evolution of social entrepreneurship research (e.g., evaluation by years, authors, scientific journal articles, and countries in the SE literature that have had the greatest impact in terms of production). In addition, we used the mapping of knowledge networks through the citations and co-citations analysis to identify schools of thought. A keyword co-occurrence analysis was performed to detect key research topics over the years. The results show that, although the research is still in a nascent phase, it has a multidisciplinary character. Furthermore, social entrepreneurship appears to be a concept closely linked to three schools of thought: commercial entrepreneurship, sustainable entrepreneurship, and social innovation. The keywords analysis allowed us to isolate the constructs that the literature has considered antecedents (e.g., socio-psychological factors) and accelerators (e.g., education, network, culture, and gender) to the development of social entrepreneurial intention. We will further discuss the ways researchers can explore this research field and contribute to the global literature.
RESUMO Este artigo aborda uma realidade que, não sendo completamente nova, mereceu nos últimos anos particular atenção no que concerne à sua teorização e delimitação: o fenômeno (conceito e prática) da “inovação social”. Na primeira parte, a análise focaliza a diversidade de concepções que se tem produzido em torno da definição da inovação social, conforme se olha o fenômeno como resposta a problemas sociais e a condições sociais, ou é primordialmente concebido no contexto da governança democrática e da vontade de transformação social. Por julgarmos possível, e desejável, entabular pontes entre modelos que, portadores de pressupostos importantes, se revelam incompletos na sua formulação própria, avançamos, na segunda parte do texto, com a proposta de um novo modelo estratégico para a inovação social local, que é distinto das duas concepções anteriores. Essa proposta é a de que se interprete o conceito de “inovação social”, quando associado a uma estratégia de desenvolvimento local, como composto por dois eixos fundamentais: um eixo instrumental (inovações setoriais + governança e externalidades) e um eixo político (learning communities + missão social e visão transformadora). No âmbito de tal proposta, estimam-se ainda as implicações práticas decorrentes da adoção deste modelo.
Resumo: O presente artigo toma como ponto de partida o Programa Nacional para a Coesão Territorial, para debater a importância de modelos adequados de governança que apoiem a promoção do desenvolvimento e da coesão territoriais. Mais concretamente, advoga-se que os desafios da coesão territorial e a definição de um plano de desenvolvimento para o interior do país exigem, a par do quadro de medidas a implementar, a definição de um modelo de governança que seja alargada e confira o necessário protagonismo aos atores locais na busca de soluções para os desafios enfrentados.
This paper describes an experience of the use of applied theatre for the promotion of gender equality. The fact that women continue to face multiple forms of discrimination as human beings, citizens and professionals justified the search of alternative training models. The Empowerment Labs focused on the amplification of power, freedom and action of two groups of women: university students and unemployed women. The core of the approach followed was guided by a fundamental question: 'can theatre raise consciousness and empowerment in the context of gender equality?' The results obtained through different internal assessment tools provide evidence of change in what feminist awareness and personal empowerment are concerned. We present and discuss the process and results of this experience including the advantages and limitations of applied theatre in certain types of outcomes.
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