No abstract

State estimation in power systems is classically based on the weighted least squares method. Recently, different extensions of Kalman filters have been proposed. Among them, the 'unscented' Kalman filter (UKF) improves the results of weighted least squares methods, when there are small changes in the system, as it considers the history of the state. The novel algorithm presented in this work combines the best of both approaches. To perform this task a new index is defined to allow the algorithm to choose in real time, and for each iteration, between a static or a dynamic estimator. This combination allows overcoming the anomalies observed when the UKF faces abrupt variations of the system state and also the lack of observability that weighted least squares could present. The proposed methodology was tested with three test cases outperforming the previously mentioned algorithms.

Solving the Short Term Hydrothermal Coordination (STHTC) Problem considers the resolution of both the Unit Commitment (UC) and the Economic Dispatch (ED) for thermal and hydraulic units. In order to avoid post-dispatch corrections, the transmission network is modeled with a high level of detail considering an AC power flow. These facts lead to a very complex optimization problem which is solved by using a novel decomposition approach which combines Generalized Benders Decomposition (GBD) with Bundle methods. This proposed method resembles a stabilized version of the cutting planes method, which drastically reduces the well-known tailing-off effect that Benders methods have. The approach presented in this work allows the decomposition of the whole problem in a quadratic mixed integer master problem, and in a non-linear subproblem which should be separable. The former defines the state and the active power dispatched by each unit whereas the latter determines the reactive power to meet the electrical constraints through a modified AC optimal power flow (OPF). These approaches were applied to a 9-bus test case, and to the IEEE 24-bus test case. The problem is solved for a time horizon of a day with a one-hour step.

A real-time traffic state estimation algorithm is developed and applied to a freeway. The evolution of the traffic is defined by a second order macroscopic model which computes, for each section of the freeway, the density and the mean speed according to several non linear equations. Different extensions of the Kalman method were already applied to this model, though none of them considers the natural constraints in the state variables. In this work, a new method that incorporates those natural constraints, is applied to the macroscopic model obtaining better results. To validate the proposed method, a simulation over a freeway section was made using two different tools: the macroscopic simulator called METANET and the microscopic simulator called SUMO. Promising results were obtained using both approaches.

Resumen: La inseguridad es un problema que afecta en mayor o menor medida a todas las ciudades del mundo. Las ciudades más informatizadas hacen uso de la video-vigilancia para combatirla, montando en muchos de los casos centros de monitoreo con cientos de cámaras. En su mayoría, estos centros cuentan con grupos de personas para realizar la tarea de observación, sin embargo, este método no es suficiente y los organismos públicos deben lidiar un reclamo social por mayor transparencia y eficiencia en el accionar ante un delito. En este contexto, es que surge el presente proyecto, una plataforma de administración de cámaras y sensores, para apoyar a la gestión integral de la seguridad. Esta plataforma complementa técnicas de análisis automatizado de video, junto con una API para registrar eventos de tipo alarmas o alertas por parte de la ciudadanía y permitir el acceso a otras entidades (policía, bomberos, organizaciones vecinales) a ciertos recursos (los videos). Toda la información se centraliza en un sistema georreferenciado, en una arquitectura abierta y escalable, organizado en diferentes capas de información, con un sistema de organización de roles de accesos. Se presenta una discusión de la estructura ideada, de los algoritmos utilizados para el seguimiento, problemas propios que se suceden en este tipo de sistemas y los resultados preliminares obtenidos.Palabras-clave: Seguridad, Survillance, Plataforma abierta, Gobierno Digital. Open platform managing IP cameras and mobile applications for civil securityAbstract: Insecurity is a problem affecting many cities in the world. Most developed cities are using video surveillance systems to fight crime, mounting huge monitoring centers with hundreds of cameras. Many of these centers have people observing cameras in order to detect suspicious situations. However, this is not enough and public governments must deal with a social demand for more transparency and efficiency in actions against crime. In this context, a camera and