DÍAZ, J. A. ; JANS, A. & ZAROR, C.Efectividad de la remoción parcial de caries en molares primarios con lesiones de caries profunda. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado. Int. J. Odontostomat., 11(4):443-449, 2017.RESUMEN: Para el tratamiento de lesiones de caries profundas la remoción parcial de caries (RPC) parece presentar ventajas por sobre la remoción completa de caries (RCC). Sin embargo, aún la evidencia es insuficiente para determinar si hay diferencias en relación a signos y síntomas del complejo dentino-pulpar entre ambos tratamientos. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la efectividad de la remoción parcial de caries en lesiones de caries dentinarias activas profundas de molares primarios. Se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado aleatorizado de 2 brazos paralelos en 20 participantes entre 4 y 8 años. Los participantes fueron asignado aleatoriamente recibir remoción parcial de la lesión de caries mientras que el grupo control recibió remoción completa de la lesión de caries. La variable de resultado primaria fue éxito del tratamiento medido como la la ausencia de cualquier signo clínico y radiográfico de patología pulpar. Un enfoque de intención de tratar (ITT) se utilizó para el análisis primario y la tasa de supervivencia de cada tratamiento se estimó mediante análisis de Kaplan-Meier. Treinta y ocho dientes fueron incluidos en el estudio. Diecisiete dientes recibieron RPC y 21 RCC. El seguimiento promedio fue de 12,6± DE 5,0 meses para ambos grupos. La tasa de éxito clínico fue de un 94,1 % para la RPC y de 76,2 % para la RCC (p=0,132). La sobrevida estimada a los 18 meses fue de un 92,3 % para RPC y de un 75,9 % para la RCC (p>0,05). En conclusión, a pesar que la terapia RPC presentó menos complicaciones, no mostró ser más efectiva que la RCC en lesiones de caries dentinarias profundas de dientes primarios.PALABRAS CLAVE: caries dental, ensayo clínico, remoción parcial, dientes primarios. INTRODUCCIÓNLa caries dental corresponde a un proceso dinámico que se desarrolla en el biofilm dental como resultado de un desequilibrio entre el esmalte dentario y los depósitos microbianos (Fejerskov, 1997). Una vez producida la cavitación por el avance de la lesión, diferentes tipos de intervenciones clínicas en el campo de la odontología restauradora y terapia pulpar han sido propuestas y desarrolladas para detener la progresión hacia el complejo dentino pulpar, y/o evitar complicaciones infecciosas a nivel pulpar (Fejerskov;Kidd, 2004).El enfoque terapéutico convencional de la caries ha sido el proceso restaurador quirúrgico invasivo y no conservador, en el cual consiste en la remoción con instrumentos manuales y rotatorios de la totalidad de la dentina reblandecida y desmineralizada, tanto en dientes primarios como permanentes (Weerheijm & Groen, 1999).Sin embargo, el escenario clínico es complejo, sobre todo cuando intervenimos con esta filosofía dientes asintomáticos con lesiones dentinarias profundas
Malocclusion represents a public health problem in Chile. Government policies create preventive and interceptive programs for these conditions. Nevertheless, there are no uniform criteria for the selection of patients who need early treatment; the decision is made by a specialist during orthodontic treatment. Here, we propose the Index for Early Intervention (IEI) for early detection of malocclusions. We treat malocclusions with a simple interceptive treatment to minimize or eliminate the need for orthodontic treatment in a child population. Furthermore, the IEI can be used in general dentistry as a screening method. The purpose of this study was to compare the reliability and validity of an index used to assess the need for orthodontic treatment, as compared to the view of a panel of experts formed by three orthodontists. We used a set of 55 study casts representing all types of malocclusion. The accuracy of the diagnostic or the validity of each index was calculated using the opinions of three orthodontic raters as a "gold standard;" these measures obtained an agreement of 0.82. Receiver Operating Characteristic curves was plotted for the index. Results: Diagnostic accuracy was determined by the area under the curve, the cut point was 20, sensitivity was 0.977 and specificity was 0.167. Conclusions: This occlusal index provided valuable information for selecting children in need of early and simple orthodontic treatment.
Background: To correlate the need for orthodontic treatment between the self-perception of Chilean adolescents from 14 to 18 years old with the observation of a dentist using the same assessment scale, as well as to determine if covariates such as gender, age and type of school influence the self-perception of the adolescent and the examiner. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study of adolescents aged 14 to 18 years from public, subsidized and private schools in Temuco, Chile. The probability sample is stratified by course, from first to fourth year, a total of 414 students participated, according to the eligibility criteria. The photographic score of the aesthetic component (AC) of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) was used. The statistical analysis of the data was performed with the SPSS Statistics program v.23. Results: 94.9% of the adolescents perceived themselves as having good aesthetics. The examiner considered that 77% presented this condition, p<0.00. Males perceived themselves better than females. At age 15, 1.7% of students considered themselves to have poor aesthetics, p<0.01. From the examiner's perspective, aesthetics are related to type of school, p<0.00. Conclusion: Adolescents perceive themselves better aesthetically than do the evaluators. The school type factor, according to the IOTN-AC examiner, shows a higher proportion of students with no need for orthodontic treatment in private schools, and a threshold need in municipal and subsidized institutions.
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