Intra-European family migration has extended the realm in which families live and work in Europe. This paper joins a limited number of recent attempts to analyse family migration using a children-in-families approach (Bushin 2009). In contrast to existing studies on this theme, our focus is on children's migration decision-making, experiences of step-migration and experiences of separation from parents during processes of intra-European family migration. Little is known about children's views and experiences of step-migration and separation from their parent(s) during family migration. Such experiences have implications for the spatial and temporal construction of family and childhood in Europe, where transnational mobility is increasing. This paper discusses children's experiences of separation in two research contexts, Scotland and the Republic of Ireland, to illustrate common features of the phenomena. The paper analyses family relationships relevant to migration decisions and explains their effects on children's agency, as well as on family integrity itself.

Community dwelling stroke survivors spent more time sedentary, took fewer steps and walked at a slower self-selected cadence. Interventions to increase walking and reduce sedentary time following stroke are required which may have the added benefit of reducing cardiovascular risk in this group. Implications for Rehabilitation Stroke survivors are predisposed to reduced physical activity and increased cardiovascular risk. This study showed that community dwelling stroke survivors spent more time sedentary, took fewer steps and walked at a slower self-selected cadence. Interventions are required which focus on reducing sedentary time as well as increasing step counts in people following stroke.

Background Increasing physical activity in older adults has preventative and therapeutic health benefits. We have developed STARFISH, a smartphone application, to increase physical activity. This paper describes the features of STARFISH, presents the views of older users on the acceptability and usability of the app and reports the results of a six week pilot study of the STARFISH app in older adults. Methods The operationalisation of the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) within the STARFISH app was mapped against the BCT Taxonomy of Michie et al. Sixteen healthy older adults (eight women and eight men; age 71.1 ± 5.2 years) used the app, in groups of four, for six weeks. Focus groups explored the user experience and objective measure of steps per day recorded. Results Participants were very positive about using the STARFISH app, in particular the embedded BCTs of self-monitoring, feedback and social support (in the form of group rewards). Objective step data, available for eight participants, showed that step counts increased by an average of 14% ( p = 0.077, d = 0.56). Conclusion The STARFISH app was acceptable and straightforward to use for older adults. STARFISH has potential to increase physical activity in older adults; however, a fully powered randomised controlled trial is required.

Step counts of the STARFISH application and the activPAL TM were compared at corresponding speeds and Bland-Altman statistics used to assess level of agreement (LOA). RESULTS:The LOA between the STARFISH application and activPAL TM varied across the four speeds and positions, but improved as speed increased. The LOA ranged from 105-177% at 0.44 m·s -1 ; 50-98% at 0.67 m·s -1 ; 19-67% at 0.9 m·s -1 and 8-53% at 1.33 m·s -1 .The best LOAs were at 1.33 m·s -1 in the shirt pocket (8%) and upper arm strap (12%) positions. CONCLUSIONS:Step counts measured by the STARFISH smartphone application are valid in most body positions especially at walking speeds of 0.9 m·s -1 and above.

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