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*A popular referendum on April 27, 1969, offered French voters a variety of proposed administrative reforms. When President Charles de Gaulle received an unexpected defeat in the vote, he resigned the presidency the following day and went into retirement. [Translator's note.] w i t o l d g o m b r o w i c z w i t o l d g o m b r o w i c z 4 *Dominique de Roux. [Except as otherwise specified, all notes appeared in the original French edition.-Ed.]