Background/Aim. There is little information, about the difference in cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), between juveniles (children) and young adults (adults). The aim of this study was to examine the levels of interleukins IL-1? and IL- 6 in GCF of these two age groups during the acute phase of OTM. Methods. The subjects, 10 children and 10 adults, underwent OTM of a single tooth, with an untreated antagonistic tooth used as the control group. GCF was sampled from both the control and treatment sites right before the beginning (the baseline) and 24 h, 72 h and 168 h upon initiation of OTM. Cytokine levels were determined by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results. The levels of both GCF IL-1? and IL-6 showed a bimodal peak during early phase of OTM, at 24 h and 168 h, in both age groups. As the statistic has shown, the increase in IL-1? levels was more prominent after 168 h in treated teeth of children, compared to both children?s control teeth and treated teeth of adults, whilst the GCF IL-6 levels in the same group increased significantly after 24 h, as well as after 168 h, approximately 70 and 55 fold, respectively. In the same time periods the increase of IL-6 levels in GCF of adults was notably lesser, averaging approximately 5 and 10 fold, respectively, compared to the control teeth. In addition, the amount of tooth movement was statistically larger for children than for adults 168 hours upon the initiation of OTM. Conclusion. GCF IL-1? and IL-6 were increasingly expressed during initial phase of OTM in both children and adults. However, excretory response of cytokines in children?s GCF, especially the concentration of IL-6, was at a significantly higher level than that of adults?, which accords to the finding that the initial OTM is faster in children.

One of the most important breakthroughs in the understanding of bone biology was the identification of the role of cytokines in bone remodelling including the alveolar bone exposed to the effect of mechanical forces during orthodontic treatment. Since bone remodelling is associated, in its early phase, with inflammation of the surrounding tissue, the hypothesis has been suggested on the role of proinflammatory cytokines in the process of bone remodelling, primarily IL-1beta, IL-6 and TNFalpha. These cytokines function as response mediators in the acute phase of inflammation, as well as in the processes of metabolism, and stimulation of resorption and inhibition of bone formation. Mostly uninvestigated, the dynamics of concurrent changes of these three cytokines during the early phase of orthodontic teeth movement in children and adults was the subject of our investigation presented in this article on the current knowledge on the role of cytokines in this process.

U toku ortodontskog pomeranja zuba dolazi do remodeliranja periodontalnog ligamenta i alveolarne kosti kao odgovor na mehanički stimulus . Mehanički stimulus , koji potiče od ortodontskih sila , izaziva aseptičnu zapaljensku reakciju unutar parodontalnih tkiva , koja , sa svoje strane , pokreće biološke procese povezane sa remodeliranjem kosti. Kao jedan od regulatora procesa remodeliranja kosti , tokom ortodontskog tretmana , pominje se interleukin-6 (IL-6) . IL-6 stimuliše stvaranje osteoklasta , tj. indukuje resorpciju kosti delujući na osteoklastogenezu. Cilj ove studije je bio da se ispita uticaj starosti pacijenta na produkciju interlekina-6 (IL-6) u toku rane faze ortodontskog pomeranja zuba. Ispitanici su bili 10dece(prosečnee starosti 13 godina) i 10odraslih (prosečne starosti 20 godina ) kod kojih je postavljen ortodontski separator između drugog premolara i prvog molara na jednoj strani a suprotna strana nam je služila kao kontrola.Uzorci su uzimani i sa tretiranih i kontrolnih zuba i to pre , 24. , 72. , i 168. sata od postavljanja separatora .Nivo citokina je određivan uz pomoć enzim vezanih kitova. Sadržaj IL-6 u gingivalnoj tečnosti dece i odraslih se upadljivo razlikovao , i kada je reč o kontrolnim, i kada je reč o ortodontski tretiranim zubima. IL-6 u gingivalnoj tečnosti kontrolnih zuba dece je bio značajno niži od sadržaja ovog citokina u gingivalnoj tečnosti kontrolnih zuba odraslih . Međutim , tokom ortodontskog tretmana , sadržaj IL-6 u gingivalnoj tečnosti se upadljivije povećavao kod dece nego kod odraslih , u komparativnim vremenskim intervalima , pri čemu je trend promena u sadržaju ovog citokina bio isti i kod dece i kod odraslih. Stepen povećanja sadržaja je veći kod dece u odnosu na odrasle što pokazuje da je imuni sistem dece mnogo brže reaguje na lokalne promene i da je metabolička aktivnost periodontalnog ligamenta veća u odnosu na odrasle pacijente.Ključne reči: Interleukin IL-6, gingivalna tecnost ,ortodontsko pomeranje zuba UVOD U toku ortodontskog pomeranja zuba dolazi do remodeliranjaperiodontalnog ligamentai alveolarne kosti kao odgovor na mehanički stimulus . Mehanički stimulus , koji potiče od ortodontskih sila , izaziva aseptičnu zapaljensku reakciju unutar parodontalnih tkiva , koja , sa svoje strane , pokreće biološke procese povezane sa remodeliranjem kosti (1) . Iako je pod normalnim uslovima pomeranje zuba sterilan proces , rana faza ortodontskog pomeranja zuba se posmatra kao vrsta tkivne povrede i praćena je akutnim inflamatornim odgovorom . Primarna uloga u pokretanju kaskade biohemijskih procesa kojima se stimulišu ili inhibiraju ćelijske aktivnosti tokom zapaljenskih promena , započetih delovanjem ortodontskih sila, pripisuje se citokinima (3). Tokom ortodontskog pomeranja zuba , citokine produkuju inflamatorne ćelije koje su , nakon mehaničkog stimulusa , izašle izvan proširenih kapilara parodontalnog ligamenta (2,3). Kao jedan od regulatora procesa remodeliranja kosti , tokom ortodontskog tretmana , pominje se interleukin-6 (IL-6) (2,3,4,5,14). IL-6 stimuliše...