Ostatnie lata obfitują w edycje egodokumentów Żydów związanych z ziemiami polskimi. Oprócz kolejnych tomów opublikowanych w ramach wrocławskiego projektu wydawniczego "Kanon literatury wspomnieniowej Żydów polskich" ukazała się w tym roku jako trzeci tom stosunkowo nowej serii wydawniczej Instytutu Historii PAN w Warszawie -Źródła do Dziejów Żydów Polskich 1 -znakomita edycja niewielkiego, ale bardzo cennego źródła: pamiętnika Mojżesza Wasercuga (Dzieje Mojżesza Wasercuga i jego szczodrobliwego ojca, zmarłego reb Iserla błogosławionej pamięci). Dokument ten, spisany między rokiem 1829 a 1832 i przedstawiający wydarzenia z okresu od drugiej połowy wieku XVIII do roku 1818, był dotąd w zasadzie nieobecny w historiografii polskiej. O tym, jak bardzo zapomniana jest postać twórcy wspomnień, świadczy fakt, że już w tytule publikacji autorka opracowania, Anna Michałowska-Mycielska, zamieściła datację informującą o okresie jego życia (ok. 1760-1832).Mojżesz Wasercug może badaczy zainteresować m.in. ze względu na bardzo bogaty życiorys przypadający na dynamiczny okres zmian w życiu polskich gmin żydowskich. Urodzony jeszcze w czasach istnienia I Rzeczypospolitej, w wielkopolskim mieście Skoki, po niepowodzeniach w prowadzeniu działalności kupieckiej decyduje się na naukę zawodu rzeźnika rytualnego. Dzięki swej znajomości niemieckiego uzyskuje posadę szocheta oraz melameda w Gryfinie na Pomorzu Zachodnim. Następnie wraca na tereny Rzeczypospolitej, do Kórnika, gdzie zastaje go zmiana granic na skutek drugiego rozbioru Polski -znów jest pod panowaniem
The article discusses inconsistency existing in the Jewish policy of the Duchy of Warsaw, resulting from divergent normativities. Examined are the ways these normativities were handled, transformed, and conceptualised. The analysis refers to the concept of multinormativity and highlights the dynamics standing behind Jewish policy, as well as various influences on the way legal order was interpreted. Considered is the presence of legal assumptions derived from the normativities inherent in Old Polish traditions, being the main obstacle to the implementation of Napoleonic egalitarian norms. The article argues that equality claims and first attempts at their implementation existed alongside traditional ideas, social habits, and practices.
Among the most important aspects of government policy aimed at Jews in the nineteenth-century Polish lands was the issue of where Jews could reside. Medieval in its roots, the conviction that some form of separation was needed was vested in contemporary arguments. Pertinent in this context was the stance taken by the authorities of the Duchy of Warsaw. The article discusses the question whether old city privileges imposing restrictions on Jews were in force at that time. The author claims—contrary to previous historiography—that this question cannot be reduced to a simple “yes”or “no”answer. Referring to the concepts of sociology of law, the double dimension of law (law in books and law in action) can be identified. The issue may serve as an interesting example of legal pluralism and the power of law-convictions. Based on ministerial and local correspondence, the analysis leads to two major conclusions. First, while in theory old city privileges were no longer in force— and this was clearly stated by ministers—the latter decided to refrain from announcing this to the public. Moreover, they agreed to develop an unofficial policy of resolving some cases “as if the old privileges were still binding.”Second, the officially introduced concept of district (rewir) was designed to replace the old privileges, as it offered a variety of new justifications. These were linked to the modernization policy, with claims regarding the integration of acculturated individuals, order, sanitation, and safety.
The book is the first attempt at a comprehensive description of the policy pursued by the authorities of the Duchy of Warsaw (1807–1815) towards the Jews. The Duchy was a state straddling two eras, torn between the feudal world and the 19th century’s dreams of progress. It introduced mechanism of modern management, but the old ideas and social attitudes were still very much alive. It is this tension between new regulation and old habits that is the subject of this book.
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