Introduction and objective Yerba Mate (YM) is a popular drink obtained from the dried and ground leaves of the Ilex paraguariens. The beneficial effects of Yerba Mate on the cardiovascular system, lipid-lowering, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and stimulating properties are known, however, there are also reports supporting its toxicity, that the consumption of Yerba Mate may predispose to the development of cancer. The purpose of this article is to present and organize information on the correlation between drinking Yerba Mate and cancer. Review methods A review of the available literature was performed by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords: Yerba Mate and cancer, Yerba Mate. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge Substances contained in Yerba Mate have a positive impact on the human body. They exert health-promoting effects, e.g. increasing HDL levels and enhancing the antioxidant effect. A particularly desirable effect of Yerba Mate is its modulating effect on the course of the carcinogenesis process. Current knowledge on this subject is not complete. There are no evidences that substances in Yerba Mate without other risk factors increase the risk of oesophageal cancer. It is worth emphasizing that the properties of the Yerba Mate components are related to the reduction of the development of metastases of other cancers. Summary Despite the carcinogenic PAHs contained in the YM extract, there is no clear evidence that drinking it alone, without taking into account the temperature of the drink, could predispose to the development of esophageal cancer. Many substances found in YM have a beneficial effect on the human body.

Introduction and aim of the study: Obesity is not only increases the risk of developing other diseases, but is itself a chronic disease. It is characterized by a lack of tendency to spontaneous resolution and a tendency to relapse. The growing number of patients facing obesity and its consequences prompts the search for newer and newer methods of its treatment. The aim of this paper is to discuss modern methods of obesity therapy, aimed at reducing the risk of its consequences, both health, psychological, social and economic. Methods and materials: This literature review is based on articles published in the PubMed database from 2016 to 2023, using the following phrases: "obesity risk factors", "obesity treatment", "diagnosis of obesity", "GLP -1 obesity". State of knowledg: We now know that obesity is a disease that needs to be treated. The goal of therapy is not only to achieve the target body weight, but also to reduce the risk of disease and improve the control of coexisting diseases. Conclusion: Obesity is a disease that requires interdisciplinary treatment based on behavioral therapy including changing the lifestyle to a healthier one, psychological support and pharmacological, and in some cases, surgical treatment.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. It is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin secreted by pancreatic beta cells. This is due to the action of hormones secreted by the placenta that oppose insulin. The incidence of gestational diabetes continues to increase, posing many potential risks to both mother and fetus. Importantly, these complications also have a long-term dimension. It has been proven that in adulthood, in children born from pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes, the risk of developing obesity, type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases increases. Their mothers are also at a similar risk. The main goal of treatment of gestational diabetes is to achieve normoglycaemia. Appropriate dietary management is recommended, and if this is not sufficient, insulin therapy should be initiated.

Histamine is a biogenic amine, which occurs naturally in the human body. Histamine can be metabolised with Diamine Oxidase (DAO) Enzyme. It is estimated that in 1% of people, as a result of an imbalance between the supply and degradation of histamine, a condition called histamine intolerance (HIT) develops. The case report describes a 40-year-old women who visited the Emergency Room several times due to quickly increasing face oedema, rush, chest pain and dyspnoea after eating meals containing histamine. For many years, the patient has struggled with non-specific symptoms. The woman decided to have a test performed to determine the enzymatic activity of DAO in the blood serum. The result was 5 U/ml, which indicates a significant shortage of DAO. Taking into consideration the symptoms the patient presented, extensive differential diagnosis, which excluded the presence of other diseases and serum DAO activity test, it was possible to diagnose histamine intolerance caused by DAO deficiency.

Ogilvie's syndrome is a rare disease with a relatively high mortality rate (15%). It consists in significant distension of the colon, which is not caused by its obstruction. According to researchers, it usually occurs in patients with severe illness, injury, or after surgery The aim of the study is to present a clinical case report of a patient with Ogilvie's syndrome. A 69-year-old patient with arterial hypertension, double-vessel coronary artery disease -after aortocoronary bypass surgery with abdominal pain, gas and stool retention, vomiting lasting for 3 days, came to the Hospital Emergency Department. No peritoneal symptoms were observed on examination, the abdomen was soft on palpation, no audible peristalsis. A standing X-ray of the abdominal cavity showed no perforation of the gastrointestinal tract. In the planned and performed sigmoidoscopy, no obvious obstruction in the sigmoid colon was observed. The cause of the obstruction was Ogilvie's syndrome.