Introduction and purpose of the work: Rheumatic diseases are chronic diseases that cause symptoms in many systems of the human body. Their most common symptoms include pain and symptoms of arthritis, their deformities, fatigue, and malaise. The aim of the article is to present the symptoms and mental disorders occurring in the course of selected rheumatic diseases. State of knowledge: The psychological symptoms are characteristic of systemic lupus erythematosus. Specified is a form of lupus called NSPLE (neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus), which includes neuropsychiatric symptoms in the course of systemic lupus erythematosus. Psychiatric symptoms are also present in the course of other rheumatic diseases. Neuropsychiatric symptoms may affect up to 80% of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome, with 50% to 80% ahead of diagnosis. It has been proven that systemic slcerosis causes microvascular damage, which may cause neuropsychiatric symptoms in the form of mood disorders, anxiety and cognitive disorders. In one study, 59% of patients with fibromyalgia experienced mania, which was more than twice as high as in the control group. Summary: In the course of all rheumatic diseases presented by us, there are symptoms and mental disorders. They are often mood, cognitive and sleep disturbances. It should be emphasized that the etiology of psychiatric symptoms is multifactorial.

Introduction and objective Yerba Mate (YM) is a popular drink obtained from the dried and ground leaves of the Ilex paraguariens. The beneficial effects of Yerba Mate on the cardiovascular system, lipid-lowering, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective and stimulating properties are known, however, there are also reports supporting its toxicity, that the consumption of Yerba Mate may predispose to the development of cancer. The purpose of this article is to present and organize information on the correlation between drinking Yerba Mate and cancer. Review methods A review of the available literature was performed by searching the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using the following keywords: Yerba Mate and cancer, Yerba Mate. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledge Substances contained in Yerba Mate have a positive impact on the human body. They exert health-promoting effects, e.g. increasing HDL levels and enhancing the antioxidant effect. A particularly desirable effect of Yerba Mate is its modulating effect on the course of the carcinogenesis process. Current knowledge on this subject is not complete. There are no evidences that substances in Yerba Mate without other risk factors increase the risk of oesophageal cancer. It is worth emphasizing that the properties of the Yerba Mate components are related to the reduction of the development of metastases of other cancers. Summary Despite the carcinogenic PAHs contained in the YM extract, there is no clear evidence that drinking it alone, without taking into account the temperature of the drink, could predispose to the development of esophageal cancer. Many substances found in YM have a beneficial effect on the human body.

Introduction and aim of the study: Obesity is not only increases the risk of developing other diseases, but is itself a chronic disease. It is characterized by a lack of tendency to spontaneous resolution and a tendency to relapse. The growing number of patients facing obesity and its consequences prompts the search for newer and newer methods of its treatment. The aim of this paper is to discuss modern methods of obesity therapy, aimed at reducing the risk of its consequences, both health, psychological, social and economic. Methods and materials: This literature review is based on articles published in the PubMed database from 2016 to 2023, using the following phrases: "obesity risk factors", "obesity treatment", "diagnosis of obesity", "GLP -1 obesity". State of knowledg: We now know that obesity is a disease that needs to be treated. The goal of therapy is not only to achieve the target body weight, but also to reduce the risk of disease and improve the control of coexisting diseases. Conclusion: Obesity is a disease that requires interdisciplinary treatment based on behavioral therapy including changing the lifestyle to a healthier one, psychological support and pharmacological, and in some cases, surgical treatment.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. It is characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from impaired tissue sensitivity to insulin secreted by pancreatic beta cells. This is due to the action of hormones secreted by the placenta that oppose insulin. The incidence of gestational diabetes continues to increase, posing many potential risks to both mother and fetus. Importantly, these complications also have a long-term dimension. It has been proven that in adulthood, in children born from pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes, the risk of developing obesity, type II diabetes and cardiovascular diseases increases. Their mothers are also at a similar risk. The main goal of treatment of gestational diabetes is to achieve normoglycaemia. Appropriate dietary management is recommended, and if this is not sufficient, insulin therapy should be initiated.

Introduction and purpose of the work:Schizophrenia is a mental illness that affects approximately 24 million people worldwide. It is characterized by hallucinations, most often auditory, delusions, blunted affect, and distortions of thought, such as echoes of thought and perception. There is a predisposition to more frequent diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hormonal disorders, cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases, even in patients not treated with antipsychotics. In connection with the above, the question may arise whether schizophrenia also predisposes to developing other diseases, such as cancer. The aim of this article is to present the relationship between the occurrence of schizophrenia and cancer. State of knowledge:There was no correlation between an increased incidence of lung cancer and schizophrenia, however, the analyzed studies were not homogeneous. In the case of breast cancer, data suggest a higher incidence of breast cancer among people with psychiatric disorders. In prostate cancer, a lower risk of developing the disease has been reported in patients with schizophrenia. It should be noted that despite the predisposition of people with schizophrenia to addiction to stimulants, low physical activity, the increase in the risk of cancer in some studies was not very high. Summary: It can be noticed that there is a correlation between the occurrence of schizophrenia and the predisposition to developing malignant neoplasms. Currently, hope is placed on their use in anti-cancer therapy.