The summary summarizes our own long-term experimental data from field and laboratory experiments to study the functional state of plants under the short-term and long-term effects of liquid fertilizer stimulating compounds (ZhUSS) developed at Kazan State Agrarian University as a result of interdisciplinary studies. The multifunctionality of their effect on plants has been established: stimulation of growth processes, activation of protective enzymes of antioxidant protection of cells, photosynthetic and absorption activity, antistress effect, etc. The use of these drugs is effective for two and three times exposure. The positive effects of ZhUSS are prolonged over time due to the concentration in the seeds of plants of the trace elements that make up the ZhUSS. The multifunctional mechanism of their influence leads to the activation of plant production processes, an increase in the yield and quality of agricultural products in connection with the effect of biofortification. An integrated circuit has been developed for the multifunctionality of the action of ZhUSS preparations. Based on convergent knowledge (interdisciplinary research) of agrochemistry, chemistry and physiology and biochemistry of plants, Kazan State Agrarian University created effective chelated micronutrient fertilizers of the ZhUSS brand, recommended for widespread use on soils poor in microelement composition, with the aim of increasing crop yields and crop quality in different climatic conditions due to the effect of biofortification. The use of these drugs is effective for two and three times the exposure.
During the operation of a high-pressure fuel injection pump, the friction surfaces of the main elements are subjected to various mechanical, thermophysical and hydroabrasive effects, which increases the wear rate of precision elements and reduces the cyclic fuel supply through the cylinders. The purpose of the research is to increase the resource of the main elements of in-line high-pressure fuel pumps by modernizing the power supply system. The main factor affecting the performance of precision elements is the presence of carbovalt in hydrocarbon fuel, that is, mechanical impurities in the form of an abrasive that circulate throughout the entire circuit of the power supply system, can pass through the filter element and get into the junction of precision elements during the injection cycle, where they are pinched and abraded work surfaces. In addition to mechanical impurities, hydrocarbon fuels may contain surfactants such as sulfur, phosphorus, etc. Under certain conditions, this also accelerates the wear rate of friction pairs, especially at temperatures above 50°C. With an increase in temperature, the lubricity of hydrocarbon fuels decreases, since sulfur compounds are activated, which destroy the structured surface at the boundary of friction pairs. To reduce this effect, it is proposed to limit the increase in temperature in the diesel power system by installing a radiator with a fan. With temperature limitation in the diesel fuel system, the wear intensity will be lower, the viscosity will be consistently higher by 2 times or more, which will reduce fuel leakage in mating surfaces. The above analytical expressions indicate that the size of the fuel leakage depends on the Reynolds number. With an increase in viscosity, the Reynolds number decreases several times, while the consumption coefficient and fuel leakage through the gaps of the friction pairs are significantly reduced. The proposed measure makes it possible to preserve the lubricity of the fuel, reducing wear and increasing the service life of the main elements of the fuel injection pump.
Важную роль при производстве ранней продукции картофеля играет проращивание семенных клубней и последующая механизированная их посадка. В виду более жестких требований к процессу посадки пророщенных клубней использование автоматических сажалок при выращивании раннего картофеля ограничено. В такой ситуации удовлетворить все агротехнические требования можно путем их совершенствования для посадки в полуавтоматическом режиме. С этой целью картофелесажалка с элеваторным высаживающим аппаратом снабжается реверсивным механизмом, который позволяет сократить длину пути движения клубней и уменьшить высоту их падения при сходе с ложечек. Однако эти изменения могут ухудшить равномерность раскладки клубней на дне борозды. Для решения такой проблемы разработана конструкция специального удлинителя кожуха клубнепровода, изогнутого по радиусу на 80…90°, позволяющая снизить отклонение равномерности посадки клубней от среднего значения в 1,5 раза. В последующих теоретических исследованиях установлены основные параметры движения клубней (абсолютная скорость, время падения, перемещение в горизонтальной плоскости) и получено аналитическое выражение, с использованием которого можно рассчитать расстояния между клубнями на уровне дна борозды. Это уравнение полиномиальной функции второй степени, которое служит математической моделью раскладывания клубней борозде высаживающим аппаратом при несовпадении направления его вращения с движения сажалки. По результатам расчетов, проведенных по установленной зависимости, оптимальное распределение клубней в посадочной борозде достигается при посадке картофеля средней фракции (40…55 мм) со скоростью движения сажалки 1,5 км/ч. При этом показатель надежности процесса посадки – коэффициент равномерности распределения клубней – составляет 85,8 %, что соответствует агротехническим требованиям
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.