Bovine tuberculosis (BTB) is a widespread and endemic disease of cattle in Ethiopia posing a significant threat to public health. Regular surveillance by skin test, bacteriology, and molecular methods is not feasible due to lack of resources. Thus, routine abattoir (RA) inspection will continue to play a key role for national surveillance. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Woldiya municipal abattoir from April 1, 2009 to April 5, 2010 to estimate the prevalence of BTB in slaughtered cattle on the basis of detailed abattoir inspection and to compare efficacy of RA inspection with respect to detailed abattoir inspection and isolation and identification of Mycobacterium. Diagnostic accuracies (with corresponding measures of statistical uncertainty) were determined by computing test property statistics (sensitivity and specificity). Agreement between RA and detailed abattoir inspections was measured using kappa statistics. Out of 1,029 slaughtered heads of cattle examined during the study period, 63 (6.12 %) and 15 (1.45 %) were diagnosed with gross tuberculous lesions by detailed abattoir meat inspections and RA meat inspections, respectively, making a prevalence of 6.12 % (95 % CI: 5.2-7.1) on the basis of detailed abattoir inspection. About 59.45 % of tuberculous lesions were observed in the lungs and associated lymph nodes, whereas 35.13 % lesions were from the lymph nodes of the head. From 63 cattle suspected with tuberculosis (TB) based on detailed abattoir meat inspection, nine (19.05 %) were identified as Mycobacterium bovis, while three (4.8 %) as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The sensitivity of RA meat inspection was 23.8 % in comparison to the detailed abattoir meat inspection and 25 % in comparison to culture, respectively. Poor agreement (k = 0.37) was seen between RA meat examination and detailed abattoir meat examination methods. Similarly, poor agreement (k = 0.013) was seen between RA meat examination and culture results. In conclusion, relatively higher prevalence (6.12 %) was recorded in Woldiya municipal abattoir on the basis of detailed Abattoir inspection and RA meat inspection protocols currently utilized in Ethiopia which are insufficient to detect the majority (76.19 %) of TB lesions at the gross level, which indicates the magnitude of meat borne zoonotic TB as an ongoing risk to public health. Detailed abattoir inspection protocols were demonstrated to improve the detection level by approximately fourfold. In conclusion, routine meat inspections have limitations in detecting BTB-suggestive lesions which indicate the magnitude of meat-borne zoonotic TB as an ongoing risk to public health.

| A cross sectional study for risk analysis was undertaken on randomly selected working donkeys (n = 384) at the city Hawassa and its surroundings to estimate the prevalence of lameness. Among the lameness examined donkeys, all the lamed donkeys were subjected towards veterinary clinics for detailed characterization. Focus group discussion was carried out in 10 study sites with 60-70 donkey owners and cart-drivers. Locomotion scoring was recorded on a scale of (0-4; sound-non weight-bearing) at a walk of about 20 meters distance. From the total examined donkeys, 19.53% were found with lameness, in which 72% were of low-grade lameness, 17% moderate grade followed by highgrade lameness (9.33%). Multiple chronic pathological abnormalities within each limb were associated with different lameness types, in which sole bruise (3.64%) was on the peak that followed by puncture wound (3.12%) and subsequently by thrush, sub solar abscess, and hoof cracking with 2.34% each. Moreover, the risk factors associated with older donkeys were noted with significantly higher (p<0.05) than donkeys. Likewise the donkeys used to work with poor body condition had higher (p<0.05) prevalence of lameness. These results should assistthe implementation of interventions to reduce the prevalence of lameness in working equids.

A cross sectional study was conducted in and around Kemissie, Dawa Cheffa District to estimate the prevalence and identify possible risk factors for the disease in the study area. Animal identification based on age, sex, breed and body condition score and management system of the study animals were taken into account followed by coprological examination for the presence of the developmental stages of parasites or parasite in naturally infected cattle. For this purpose, four hundred and five randomly selected animals were examined during the study period out of which 75 (18.5%) were found positive for schistosomiasis based on fecal examination. Variation together with age and sex of animals did not show statistical significance (P>0.05) in the disease occurrence. However, the prevalence of the disease was highest in young animals (23.14%), followed by adults (17.61%) and least in old animals (15.49%). On the other hand, statistical significant association (P<0.05) was seen with the variation of breeds, body condition score and management systems in the disease occurrence. In conclusion, relatively moderate prevalence (18.5%) was recorded in and around Kemissie and based on the results obtained, recommendations were forwarded.

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