This study begins with the question: can the new change in the old-age pension system improve the economic-financial performance of the National Institute of Social Security in Brazil? The hypothesis is that the proposed constitutional amendment (PEC) 287/16, which is being presented at the Chamber of Deputies known as the pension reform, including an attempt to change the minimum age for men and women, will not solve the problem of economic crisis and financial expenses of the National Institute of Social Security of Brazil, due to the fact that the greatest impact may be other expenses not identified in this study that revolve around the benefits of retirement. The general objective is to analyze the economic and financial situation of social security in Brazil based on the regional accounting records located in Imperatriz and São Luís do Maranhão between 2008 and 2017. The methodology was defined as descriptive, explanatory and average, such as bibliofigurey, documentary and field. One of the results regarding the increase in the retirement age shows that there is no relation between the income increase indicators when compared to the surplus (profit) or deficit (loss) between 2008 and 2017 in the Social Security of Maranhão.