SUMMARY OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the treatment of wheezing and exacerbation of asthma in a pediatric emergency unit (ED), comparing it to that recommended by the guidelines for this purpose. METHODS: Descriptive cross-sectional study through medical records survey of children and adolescents (0–15 years of age) who received medication for wheezing or asthma exacerbation from January to April 2015 in the ED. The selected treatment was compared to that recommended by the guidelines, being analyzed the variables related to the medication (number and dose of short-acting β2 agonist, associated or not with anticholinergic, oral or parenteral corticosteroid) and the length of stay in ED (≤1 h, ≥8 h and hospital admission). RESULTS: One-thousand eleven patients were selected with 56.7% between 3 and 15 years and 56% male. Although the selected drugs were in accordance with what was recommended, errors were observed in relation to dose, drug of choice, and method and time of use with the most frequent finding being incorrect dose (short-acting β2 agonist: 66% and ipratropium bromide: 95.2%). CONCLUSION: The level of use of the measures recommended by the guidelines was low but compatible with other studies, leading to an increased risk of treatment failure and higher costs. Despite wide dissemination, the established concepts have not been sufficiently incorporated into clinical practice, suggesting the need for more effective educational actions for this process to occur.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of intra-articular injections of corticosteroids, native hyaluronic acid and branched-chain hyaluronic acid in experimentally-induced osteoarthrosis. Methods: 44 rabbits underwent anterior cruciate ligament resection and were then divided into four groups of eleven. Group 1: one intra-articular injection of saline solution per week, for three weeks; Group 2: three injections (one per week) of native hyaluronic acid; Group 3: three injections (one per week) of branched-chain hyaluronic acid; Group 4: two injections of betamethasone with an interval of three weeks. The cartilage of the tibial plateaus was evaluated macroscopically twelve weeks after surgery. Changes to the joint surface were graded as follows: Grade 0: smooth joint surface without relief changes; Grade 1: rough surface without any depressions; Grade 2: similar to grade 1, but with depressions on the joint surface; and Grade 3: subchondral bone exposure. The statistical analysis consisted of the use of Student's t test, chi-square test and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significance level used was 5%. Results: A statistical difference was found between the control group and the three study groups 2, 3, 4 in relation to the development and severity of arthrosis. However, there was no difference between the groups regarding the drugs studied. Conclusion: A similar degree of attenuation of the osteoarthrosis process in the rabbits’ knees was found with the use of intra-articular injections of low-molecular-weight and high-molecular-weight glycosaminoglycans, and the corticosteroid betamethasone, compared with placebo.

RESUMOO estudo aborda sobre a avaliação política da Política de Educação Básica articulada à Educação Profissional, especificamente no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Maranhão (IFMA). Elabora uma retrospectiva histórica das políticas públicas em relação à educação básica, tendo como eixo orientador a dualidade estrutural existente entre a formação de caráter propedêutico dirigida às elites e a educação instrumental proporcionada às classes populares. Contextualiza os fundamentos da educação omnilateral e politécnica, e da escola unitária de Marx e Gramsci. Caracteriza as concepções e princípios que determinaram a formulação dessa Política no IFMA. Fundamenta-se como uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa que utiliza a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, baseando-se em diversos documentos legais e em documentos institucionais do IFMA. Salienta, com os dados analisados, que a articulação entre o Ensino Médio e a Educação Profissional no IFMA apresenta limitações na sua execução, principalmente em relação à formação dos professores, falta de laboratórios e contingenciamento de recursos. Complementa que mesmo com a limitação destes

RESUMOObjetivo: Avaliar o efeito das injeções intra-articulares de corticosteroide e dos ácidos: hialurônico nativo e com cadeias ramificadas, na osteoartrose induzida experimentalmente. Métodos: 44 coelhos submetidos à ressecção do ligamento cruzado anterior foram divididos em quatro grupos de 11. Grupo 1: uma injeção intra-articular com solução salina por semana, durante 3 semanas. Grupo 2: três injeções, com intervalo semanal, de ácido hialurônico nativo. Grupo 3: três injeções, com intervalo semanal, de ácido hialurônico ramificado. Grupo 4: duas injeções de betametasona com intervalo de três semanas. Após 12 semanas da cirurgia a cartilagem articular dos planaltos tibiais foi avaliada por macroscopia. As alterações na superfície articular foram graduadas da seguinte maneira: grau 0 -superfície articular lisa, sem alterações de relevo; grau 1 -superfície rugosa, sem depressões; grau 2 -semelhante ao grau 1 porém com depressões na superfície; grau 3 -exposição do osso subcondral. A análise estatística consistiu na utilização do teste t de Student, teste do Qui-quadrado e da análise de variância (Anova). O nível de significância utilizado foi de 5%. Resultados: Observou-se haver diferença estatística entre os grupos 2, 3 e 4 e o grupo controle no desenvolvimento e gravidade da artrose, porém não houve diferença entre os grupos das drogas estudadas. Conclusão: Constatou-se atenuação da evolução do processo de osteoartrose, na mesma magnitude, com a utilização de injeções intra-articulares dos glicosaminoglicanos de baixo peso molecular e de alto peso molecular, assim como do corticosteroide betametasona quando comparados com placebo em joelhos de coelhos.

This study begins with the question: can the new change in the old-age pension system improve the economic-financial performance of the National Institute of Social Security in Brazil? The hypothesis is that the proposed constitutional amendment (PEC) 287/16, which is being presented at the Chamber of Deputies known as the pension reform, including an attempt to change the minimum age for men and women, will not solve the problem of economic crisis and financial expenses of the National Institute of Social Security of Brazil, due to the fact that the greatest impact may be other expenses not identified in this study that revolve around the benefits of retirement. The general objective is to analyze the economic and financial situation of social security in Brazil based on the regional accounting records located in Imperatriz and São Luís do Maranhão between 2008 and 2017. The methodology was defined as descriptive, explanatory and average, such as bibliofigurey, documentary and field. One of the results regarding the increase in the retirement age shows that there is no relation between the income increase indicators when compared to the surplus (profit) or deficit (loss) between 2008 and 2017 in the Social Security of Maranhão.