Background:The aim of the present study is to evaluate the impact of metastases-directed stereotactic body radiotherapy in two groups of oligometastatic prostate cancer (PC) patients: oligorecurrent PC and oligoprogressive castration-resistant PC (oligo-CRPC).Methods:Inclusion criteria of the present multicentre retrospective analysis were: (1) oligorecurrent PC, defined as the presence of 1–3 lesions (bone or nodes) detected with choline positron emission tomography or CT plus bone scan following biochemical recurrence; (2) oligo-CRPC, defined as metastases (bone or nodes) detected after a prostatic-specific antigen rise during androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Primary end points were: distant progression-free survival (DPFS) and ADT-free survival in oligorecurrent PC patients; DPFS and second-line systemic treatment-free survival in oligo-CRPC patients.Results:About 100 patients with oligorecurrent PC (139 lesions) and 41 with oligo-CRPC (70 lesions), treated between March 2010 and April 2016, were analysed. After a median follow-up of 20.4 months, in the oligorecurrent group 1- and 2-year DPFS were 64.4 and 43%. The rate of LC was 92.8% at 2 years. At a median follow-up of 23.4 months, in the oligo-CRPC group 1- and 2-year DPFS were 43.2 and 21.6%. Limitations include the retrospective design.Conclusions:Stereotactic body radiotherapy seems to be a useful treatment both for oligorecurrent and oligo-CRPC.

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Italy experienced one of the world's deadliest COVID-19 outbreaks and healthcare systems had to instantly reorganise activity. The Italian Radiation Oncology Departments adapted numerous solutions to minimize the disruptions. Information technologies, treatment prioritization and implementation of hypofractionation and protection procedures allowed balancing between cancer patient care and patient/healthcare workers safety.

Purpose Herein, we report the clinical outcomes of a multicenter study evaluating the role of SBRT in a cohort of patients affected by oligoprogressive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Materials and methods This is a retrospective multicenter observational study including eleven centers. Inclusion criteria of the current study were: (a) Karnofsky performance status > 80, (b) histologically proven diagnosis of PC, (c) 1-5 oligoprogressive metastases, defined as progressive disease at bone or nodes levels (detected by means of choline PET/CT or CT plus bone scan) during ADT, (d) serum testosterone level under 50 ng/ml during ADT, (e) controlled primary tumor, (f) patients treated with SBRT with a dose of at least 5 Gy per fraction to a biologically effective dose (BED) of at least 80 Gy using an alpha-to-beta ratio of 3 Gy, (g) at least 6 months of follow-up post-SBRT. Results Eighty-six patients for a total of 117 lesions were treated with SBRT. The median follow-up was 30.7 months (range 4-91 months). The median new metastasis-free survival after SBRT was 12.3 months (95% CI 5.5-19.1 months). One-and two-year distant progression-free survival was 52.3% and 33.7%, respectively. Twenty-six out of 86 patients underwent a second course of SBRT due to further oligoprogressive disease: This resulted in a median systemic treatment-free survival of 21.8 months (95% CI 17.8-25.8 months). One-year systemic treatment-free survival was 72.1%. Conclusion SBRT appears to be a promising approach in oligoprogressive castration-resistant prostate cancer. Further investigations are warranted.

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