Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that yields recurring and uncontrollable seizures, as a result of the hypersynchronous discharge of neurons that impacts individuals of all ages. Cases of epilepsy are classified by seizure type and etiology. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are the standard treatment for the disorder, but surgical and neurostimulation options are also available; however, none of the mentioned treatments are 100% effective in eliminating seizures in epileptic patients. One-fifth of those diagnosed with epilepsy are AED resistant, also known as refractory epilepsy. Stem cell transplantation is a regenerative therapy capable of replacing non-functional cells in the brains of those with epilepsy. Embryonic stem cells (ESCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are capable of differentiating into specialized cell types. Stem cell therapy as an alternative treatment of epilepsy has exhibited success by way of preclinical animal research and clinical trials.