In order to guarantee the sustainability of the potable water supply service, a water utility must generate improvements in its performance in an integrated manner. The objective of this research is to analyze and provide information about the components and indicators used by the water utility of Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico, which directly impact water management. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Logic (FL) methodologies were applied. The study determined the trends and evolution over time from 2002 to 2017. From the combination of both methodologies, a Water Supply Management Index was obtained with an average value of 0.79, which shows positive progress for water resource management by the water utility. However, the traditional indicators are insufficient and require particular attention. The analysis helped to identify those indicators that do impact water management and their ability to measure the sustainability of the city’s water utility. This may make it possible to monitor the progress toward the accomplishment of Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG 6), by performing an evaluation and thorough analysis of the status of water resources.
Resumen: el objetivo de este artículo es visibilizar las contradicciones ambientales de la lógica del crecimiento económico adoptada en el Bajío guanajuatense, en el marco de la economía ecológica, que muestra la inviabilidad socioambiental de las políticas públicas en Guanajuato. El índice del desarrollo humano municipal, la compilación de informes ambientales del estado, los talleres con actores clave, así como la retroalimentación con pares académicos, expertos en la temática ambiental, reflejan el contraste ambiental del modelo de desarrollo que impera y opera de manera normalizada en esta región. Es notoria la desarticulación deliberada entre las políticas económica y ambiental, que favorece a la primera gracias a la permisibilidad de la segunda, lo que se traduce en la trasferencia de los costos socioambientales del sector privado al público, y apoya la lógica de la acumulación frente al interés común. Esto a través de la contaminación y la sobreexplotación de los cuerpos de agua, la contaminación atmosférica, el extractivismo, la sobregeneración de residuos sólidos, la pérdida de calidad de los suelos que, entre otros, son algunos elementos que tensionan la capacidad de resiliencia social y ambiental de esta zona. Esta visibilización de la crisis ambiental refleja la pertinencia de incorporar un enfoque analítico capaz de abordar una crisis multidimensional, y comprender que ésta se encuentra en la parte ilógica de la lógica del crecimiento económico.Palabras clave: economía ecológica; deterioro ambiental; desarrollo económico; desarrollo humano; política ambiental; Bajío guanajuatense. Environmental complexity in Guanajuato’s Bajio: implications of the civilizing project linked to economic growthAbstract: this article’s objective is to make the environmental contradictions of the logic of economic growth evident, which was adopted in Guanajuato’s Bajio, in the context of the ecological economy, which show the socio-environmental non-viability of public policies in Guanajuato. The municipal human development index, the state’s compilation of environmental reports, the workshops with key actors, as well as the feedback with academic peers, experts on environmental issues, reflect the environmental contrast of the development model which prevails and operate in a standardized way in this region. It is evident the deliberate disarticulation between economic and environmental policies, which is favorable to the first thanks to the second’s permissibility. This results in the transfer of the environmental costs from the private sector to the public one, and support for the logic of accumulation against the common interest. Pollution and overexploitation of water bodies, atmospheric pollution, extractivism, overgeneration of solid waste, the loss of soil quality are, among others, some elements that put a strain on the capacity for social and environmental resilience in this area. This visibilization of environmental crisis reflects the relevance of incorporating an analytical approach able to deal with a multidimensional crisis and understand that it stands on the illogical part of the logic of economic growth.Key words: environmental economy; environmental deterioration; economic development; human development; environmental policy; Guanajuato’s Bajio.
El estudio del desarrollo ha sido prioritario desde hace varias décadas en América Latina. El Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD) ha lanzado una iniciativa a todas las naciones que integran la Organización de las Naciones Unidas (ONU) para lograr el desarrollo. En esta investigación nos propusimos identificar el nivel de desarrollo de la región centro-bajío a partir de su análisis inter e intramunicipal, evaluando los indicadores de medición, con el propósito de hacerlos útiles para mejorar los instrumentos de diseño y evaluación de políticas públicas locales que incidan en una estrategia regional.
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