Biomass burning (BB) emits organic gases that, with chemical aging, can form secondary organic aerosol (SOA) in both the gas and aqueous phases. One class of biomassburning emissions, phenols, are of interest because they react rapidly in the aqueous phase to efficiently form SOA, which might affect climate and human health. However, while measurements exist for the air−water partitioning constants of some simple phenols, Henry's law constants (K H ) are unknown for more complex BB phenols. In this work, we use a custom-built apparatus to measure K H for a suite of biomass-burning phenols that span a wide range of air−water partitioning coefficients. Comparing our measurements to predicted values from EPI Suite shows that this model consistently overestimates K H unless a suitable measured phenol K H value is included to adjust the calculations. In addition, we determine the effect of five salts on phenol partitioning by measuring the Setschenow coefficients (K S ). Across the eight phenols we examined, values of K S depend primarily on salt identity and descend in the order (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 > NaCl > NH 4 Cl ≥ KNO 3 > NH 4 NO 3 . Lastly, we use our K H and K S results to discuss the aqueous processing of biomass-burning phenols in cloud/fog water versus aerosol liquid water.
Ovarian hormones are associated with risk for binge eating in women. Recent animal and human studies suggest that food-related reward processing may be one set of neurobiological factors that contribute to these relationships, but additional studies are needed to confirm and extend findings.
A rare case of mucinous adenocarcinoma presented as a solitary, metastatic deposit to a region of Paget's disease within the peripheral skeleton. Historical, physical, radiographic, and scintigraphic findings were indistinguishable from those of sarcomatous degeneration arising from pagetoid bone. This case supports the idea that when a painful, osteolytic lesion is discovered within a region of Paget's disease, bone scintigraphy has greater value of disclosing potential multifocal or multicentric disease than for providing etiologic specificity for the principal lesion.
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