This study substantiates pedagogical conditions necessary for effective speed-strength training of young football players, such as careful selection of children and their retention throughout the whole period of football education; differentiation and individualization of speed-strength training of young football players; selection of the most effective means of developing speed and strength in young football players; balance of means of developing speed and strength of young football players. Less important conditions include efficient use of time allotted for speed-strength training; maintenance of high team morale; efficient use of fitness equipment, kettlebells, barbells, and other means of speed-strength training of young football players.

[Purpose] Competitive sport places strict demands on the cardiovascular systems of veteran trail runners. Our research objective was to evaluate the dynamics of microcirculation parameters of veteran runners in hypoxic and mid-altitude conditions. [Subjects and Methods] Seven male runners from Russia and Italy between the ages of 50 and 60 years were examined whilst competing at mid-altitude (1,500–2,000 m above sea level). The same runners were examined in a simulated mid-altitude hypoxic environment, which was a hypoxic chamber with 16% oxygen concentration, for 720 minutes. Under both conditions, peripheral circulation was studied using a laser Doppler flowmeter attached to the distal phalange of the second finger of the subject’s right hand. All subjects had a microcirculation parameter assessed, which was the standard deviation of the erythrocytes flow vibration in peripheral circulation, under both conditions. In order to assess the intensity of vasomotor reactions of the microcirculatory vessels, the coefficient of variation was used. [Results] In the hypoxic environment, a decrease in the microcirculation parameter was noted in the short-term (360 minutes), with a subsequent compensatory increase in the long-term (720 minutes). However, the coefficient of variation showed a reverse trend with an increase in the vasomotor activity of microvessels from 12.4% to 18.2% at the stage of maximum training load within one month in the mid-altitude in the hypoxic environment, with a consequent reduction in preparation for the start. [Conclusion] In the hypoxic environment, the subjects demonstrated a two-stage change in the dynamics of the microcirculation parameter: an initial fall and a subsequent increase reaching the initial values. Similar changes were found when subjects were competing at mid-altitude. Our results show that the assessment of the peripheral circulation in a simulated mid-altitude hypoxic environment can be used to determine the readiness of veteran sportsmen for long-term trail running in mid-altitude conditions.

The performed investigations have shown that development of coordination potential of MMA (Mixed Martial Arts) fighters represents a complex process. Training of fighters to use new different actions should be realized with gradual increase of their coordination complexity. It was established that while mastering new actions the sportsmen not only enrich their motional skill, but also develop a power to realize new forms of physical coordination. Such a treatment of development of coordination potential of MMA fighters was adopted as a basis for development of pedagogical practice comprised of three stages. At the first stage, estimation of developmental level of coordination potential of MMA fighters is carried out. At the second stage, mastering of new actions is fulfilled based on gradual increase of their coordination complexity as well as based on development of power to realize new forms of physical coordination. At the third stage, improvement of different types of coordination potential is carried out based on exercising of differentiated tools and methods of fighters training.

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