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Introduction/Objective. The study estimates the associations between the key pandemic indicators and the allocation of COVID-19 related bonus and welfare payments to Russian health care workers. The aim was to estimate the association between the key pandemic indicators and the allocation of the COVID-19 related bonus and welfare payments to Russian health workers. Methods. The study uses regression analysis. Results. The study examines two consecutive types of COVID-19 related bonus payments: (1) incentive payments (in 2020) and (2) welfare payments (in 2020-2022). Concerning incentive payments (type 1), the study supports hypotheses regarding the association between the number of persons infected with COVID-19 in a relevant region and the actual/estimated amount of budget transfers to a relevant region for bonus payments to medical workers (a) for special working conditions and additional workload and (b) for performing particularly important work. As for welfare payments (type 2), the study supports hypotheses regarding the association between (1) COVID-19 cases, (2) COVID-19 recoveries, and (3) the fiscal year close-out and the amount of welfare payments. Conclusion. The main channel for financing payments to medical workers is a special welfare payment through the system of the Social Insurance Fund of the Russian Federation. This source exceeds the estimated total transfers and subsidies for similar purposes in 2020. The study tests hypotheses regarding the association between the key pandemic indicators and the size of various types of budget transfers for bonus and welfare payments to medical workers.

Motivated by the need to implement wireless broadband mobile communications (Long Term Evolution (LTE)) in the "Digital Dividend" band (790-862 MHz) in Russia and to relocate government users of spectrum, especially the Aeronautical Radio Navigation Service (ARNS), this article focuses on the funding of organizational and technical measures to relocate government users from the spectrum and to transfer the spectrum to commercial users. To this end, various spectrum reallocation procedures used worldwide are analyzed. The results show that the existing territorial division of communication services limits the development of new communication technologies in neighboring countries, indicating the need for international harmonization with regard to spectrum management measures. The LTE contest (2012) in Russia could be considered as a hybrid procurement and spectrum contest rather than a standard spectrum contest. The ARNS migration mechanism proposed by the Russian regulator is based on "extensive" spectrum usage and is similar to the logic of the U.S. Commercial Spectrum Enhancement Act.

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