Introduction. Noncommunicable diseases represent a huge and growing global burden, posing serious challenges to health systems in both high-, low- and middle-income countries. One of the reasons is the low level of health literacy of the population, which does not ensure adequate health-saving behavior. The purpose of the study is to review the publications of non-Russian authors on the health literacy concept analysis. Materials and methods. The analysis of foreign publications was carried out using content analysis, the unit of which was "health literacy". Results. The study showed that the concept of health literacy and its content have been deeply studied in foreign literature. Health literacy includes the ability to read and understand health-related written text, communicate health information effectively, navigate the health care system, and achieve and maintain good health. Some Russian studies also reflect the level of health literacy of the population. For citation: Abubakirov AS, Zudin AB, Tsyganok RS. Approaches to the definition and essence of the health literacy concept. City Healthсare. 2023;4(1): 105-113. doi: 10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2023.v.4i1;105-113

Introduction. Due to rapid expansion of the global knowledge-based economy many organizations, including medical ones, have to find and implement the most appropriate knowledge capital solutions that will enable them to achieve sustainable competitive advantages. Background. The paper is aimed to provide theoretical overview of the knowledge management concept in the management system, its functions, effects and advantages of implementation in medical organizations. Materials and methods. Analysis and synthesis of scientific publications were used to define the conceptual idea of knowledge management, its functions, principles, advantages, implementation and application. Results. The study showed that knowledge management (KM) as a concept and a management function remains understudied in modern scientific literature. In terms of strategic management and sustainable development of medical organizations, scientific works studying KM are poorly presented, which does not allow to fully assess the prospects and possibilities of knowledge management in medicine and healthcare. For citation: Zudin AB, Gurtskoy LD, Ananchenkova PI. Knowledge management as a management function. City Healthсare. 2023; 4 (1): 98-104. doi: 10.47619/2713-2617.zm.2023.v.4i1;98-104

Introduction: In 2020–2022, Russia, like the rest of the world, faced the COVID-19 pandemic. The necessity to overcome its challenges has led to the expansion of powers of the regions. To improve public policy, it is expedient to evaluate the effectiveness of measures taken by the regions for public health preservation. Such an evaluation is proposed to be carried out using the public health index, which requires the development of appropriate methodological approaches. Objective: To develop and test a methodological approach to analyzing the effectiveness of public policy measures in terms of preserving public health. Materials and methods: This work continues a series of studies on establishing the public health index in the Russian Federation, which has already developed an approach to calculating this indicator in view of medical and social resources of the population. The approach is based on the recommendations of the World Health Organization standard "The Urban Health Index". The evaluation of the effectiveness of public policy measures involves the implementation of several stages for calculating the public health index and the classification of Russian regions depending on the degree of its change for 2019-2022. When performing calculations, correlation analysis is used to identify indicators that do not contradict each other. Through the normalization of indicators, as well as the calculation of average geometric values, the calculation of the public health index is carried out. The data for calculating the public health index are taken from the website of Rosstat and the Ministry of Health of Russia. Results: We established deterioration of public health indicators in most regions. We believe that this finding is primarily related to the COVID-19 pandemic as a large–scale challenge. In 2022, the public health index for the Russian Federation has decreased by 13.15 % compared with 2019. The largest decline has been observed in the Saratov Region (69.14 %). At the same time, an increase in the public health index has been registered in several regions, e.g. by 6 % over the study period in the Tyumen Region. Conclusion: The analysis of the components of the public health index makes it possible to ascertain the cause of public health worsening in the region and to assess its determinants. Having classified the regions, it is important to identify the determinants of public health that can be influenced through public policy instruments.

Introduction: The World Health Organization has defined the term “public health” as a sociomedical resource and potential of the society but no common methodological approach to its assessment and implementation in the public administration system has been proposed so far. Our study reveals a methodological approach to organizing public health monitoring in the Russian Federation. The relevance of this study is related to the need to focus government regulation on improving the quality of life of citizens, which cannot be achieved without duly monitoring of public health, subsequent managerial decision-making, and ensuring the continuity of health care. Objective: To develop a methodological approach to organization of public health monitoring. Materials and methods: Foreign and Russian experience was reviewed and analyzed based on 37 regulations and scientific papers of foreign and domestic authors published from the year 2008 to the present. We have also systematized guidelines issued by the World Health Organization, the International Organization for Standardization, and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development to identify mandatory components of public health monitoring. The OECD “Handbook on Constructing Composite Indicators: Methodology and User Guide” and the WHO “Urban Health Index” are used in determining the procedure for calculating public health indices. Results: We have developed the first methodological approach to constructing monitoring of public health in the Russian Federation that includes criteria of its evaluation as a sociomedical resource, involving calculation of the strategic and operational index of public health status. This approach reveals the order of implementation of organizational and process elements. Organizational elements are related to monitoring administration while process elements reveal the procedure for calculating public health indices. In addition to determining the indicative and critical values of the indices, it also seems appropriate to monitor individual indicators used in calculating the indices, such as the size of “population of pre-reproductive age”, “population under the working age”, “population covered by vaccination”, etc. Conclusion: The implementation of the methodological approach will ensure both the overall control of public health and monitoring of its individual areas. The calculation of the operational index will facilitate adjustment of actions of the authorities on a monthly basis while the assessment of the strategic index will increase the effectiveness of activities implemented within the framework of the strategic planning system.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need to improve methods of public health assessment and approaches to the development of a system for its monitoring in the Russian Federation. Public health represents a sociomedical resource of the society, deterioration of which has a negative effect on the potential of the society to resist emerging threats. Within a series of previous studies, the authors have developed a methodological approach to calculating the public health index, the monitoring of which will facilitate managerial decisions aimed at strengthening of the potential of public health. Objective: To test a methodological approach to calculating the public health index in the regions of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods: To estimate the public health index, we applied an original methodology specially developed with account for strategic goals outlined by the Russian President and provisions of the WHO Handbook for calculation and use of the Urban Health Index. It includes correlation assessment and standardization of parameters. The components of the public health index were selected in view of the requirements established by the presidential decree on preserving the population of the country, developing the human potential, and strengthening national defense capabilities. Results: We calculated Russian regional values of the public health index for the year 2019. The year selection was determined by the absence of significant biological challenges, currently posed by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the aftermath of the pension reform. The estimated mean of the public health index in the Russian Federation in 2019 was 0.238, with extremes established in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (0.458) and the Kurgan Region (0.036). Conclusions: Public health monitoring involves tracking of achieved values of the public health index and its individual constituents as they allow judgment on the potential of the society to counteract external threats. Further research should be aimed at analyzing changes in the public health index in the regions of Russia during and after large-scale biological and social challenges. It seems expedient to consider the issue of creating a national information portal devoted to public health problems in the country.