The growth in the volume of modern construction and the manufacture of reinforced concrete structures (RCSs) presents the goal of reducing the cost of building materials without compromising structures and opens questions about the use of environmentally friendly natural raw materials as a local or full replacement of traditional mineral components. This can also solve the actual problem of disposal of unclaimed agricultural waste, the features of which may be of interest to the construction industry. This research aimed to analyze the influence of preparation factors on concrete features with partial substitution of coarse aggregate (CA) with rubber tree (RT) seed shells and to determine the optimal composition that can make it possible to attain concrete with improved strength features. CA was replaced by volume with RT seed shells in an amount from 2% to 16% in 2% increments. Scanning electronic microscopy was employed to investigate the structure of the obtained concrete examples. The maximum increase in strength features was observed when replacing coarse filler with 4% RT seed shell by volume and amounted to, for compressive and axial compressive strength (CS) and tensile and axial tensile strength (TS) in twisting, 6% and 8%, respectively. The decrease in strain features under axial compression and under axial tension was 6% and 5%, respectively. The modulus of elasticity increased to 7%. The microstructure of hardened concrete samples with partial replacement of CA with RT seed shells in the amount of 2%, 4% and 6% was the densest with the least amount of pores and microcracks in comparison with the structure of the sample of the control composition, as well as samples with the replacement of CA with RT seed shells in an amount of more than 6%. The expedient effective replacement of CA with RT shells led to a reduction in battered stone of up to 8%.

Currently, in civil engineering, the relevant direction is to minimize the cost of the manufacture of the hollow structures of annular sections, as well as their construction and installation efficiency. To optimize the costs associated with building products and structures, it is proposed to apply the technology of vibrocentrifugation, to reconsider and comprehensively approach the raw materials for the manufacture of such products and structures. The purpose of this study is a theoretical substantiation and experimental verification with analytical numerical confirmation of the possibility of creating improved variotropic structures of vibrocentrifuged concrete nano-modified with ground granulated blast-furnace slag. The study used the methods of electron microscopy, laser granulometry, and X-ray diffraction. Slag activation was carried out in a planetary ball mill; samples were prepared on a special installation developed by the authors—a vibrocentrifuge. The optimal and effective prescription–technological factors were experimentally derived and confirmed at the microlevel using structural analysis. The mathematical dependencies among the composition, macrostructure, microstructure, and final properties of vibrocentrifuged concrete nano-modified by slag are determined. Empirical relationships were identified to express the variation of some mechanical parameters and identify the relationship between them and the composition of the mixture. The optimal dosage of slag was determined, which is 40%. Increases in strength indicators ranged from 16% to 27, density—3%.

An urgent and promising direction in the development of building materials science is the improvement of the quality of non-autoclaved aerated concrete. In view of the obvious disadvantages of non-autoclaved aerated concrete compared to the autoclaved equivalent in terms of technology, it can be significantly improved because of a rationally selected composition and other factors of a recipe-technological nature. The goal of the study was to search for complex compositions and technological solutions aimed at identifying rational combinations of recipe-technological factors as simultaneous modifications of aerated concrete with various additives and dispersed the reinforcement of it with various environmentally friendly and cost-effective types of plant fibers. Fly ash (FA), instead of part of the cement, proved to be more effective than the GGBS additive. The compressive strength (CS), bending strength (BS), and coefficient of construction quality (CCQ) were higher by 4.5%, 3.8%, and 1.7%, respectively, while the density and thermal conductivity (TC) were lower by 0.7% and 3.6%, respectively, compared with aerated concrete modified with ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS). The additional reinforcement of modified aerated concrete with coconut fiber (CF) and sisal fiber (SF) in an amount of 0.6% of the total mass of cement and modifier increases the CS to 15%, BS to 22% and CCQ to 16%. The SF was more effective than the CF. Aerated concrete modified with FA and reinforced with SF showed the highest efficiency. Compared to the control composition without modifiers or fibers, the increase in the CS was up to 40%, BS up to 47%, and CCQ up to 43%, while the decrease in density was up to 2.6%, and TC up to 15%.

The article outlines the role of research work on the state of ecological safety of the region in the context of a large-scale mine disaster. The aim of the study is to develop a forecast for a full-scale forecast of the dynamics of the PTS state (forecast of man-made situations) based on a system analysis and synthesis of an assessment of man-made impacts. As a research method, a comprehensive system analysis is used for the practical implementation of research in the field of environmental safety. As a result of studying the main tasks of research work, analyzing the results in the field of technosphere safety in substantiating the program of measures for the restructuring of the coal industry in Russia. An organizational-structural-predictable system based on the combination of substances of methodological, technical, interpretive and organizational means, including a comprehensive real-time analysis, is proposed. It is based on the theoretical principles of system analysis, forecasting and risk analysis in modeling all stages of forecast work, the forecasting methodology and methodological assessment of the dynamics of mine flooding are presented. A permanent control model of the region's technospheric security has been developed. It should be noted that the developed "method-model" is an effective scientific development and uses a complex character.

«Sectioning» method, which is used in this article in the analysis of the dispersed composition of dust, which has a different origin, into the atmosphere, allows you to present the results of the fraction of fine dust fractions, to identify the laws of their distribution. In the article we propose to use this method to analyze the dispersed composition of dust on the example of the city of Volgograd.