A network was established to acquire basic knowledge of Cryptococcus neoformans in IberoAmerican countries. To this effect, 340 clinical, veterinary, and environmental isolates from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, Venezuela, Guatemala, and Spain were typed by using M13 polymerase chain reaction-fingerprinting and orotidine monophosphate pyrophosphorylase ( URA5 ) gene restriction fragment length polymorphsm analysis with Hha I and Sau 96I in a double digest. Both techniques grouped all isolates into eight previously established molecular types. The majority of the isolates, 68.2% (n=232), were VNI (var. grubii , serotype A), which accords with the fact that this variety causes most human cryptococcal infections worldwide. A smaller proportion, 5.6% (n=19), were VNII (var. grubii , serotype A); 4.1% (n=14), VNIII (AD hybrid), with 9 isolates having a polymorphism in the URA5 gene; 1.8% (n=6), VNIV (var. neoformans , serotype D); 3.5% (n=12), VGI; 6.2% (n=21), VGII; 9.1% (n=31), VGIII, and 1.5% (n=5) VGIV, with all four VG types containing var. gattii serotypes B and C isolates.
Durar~te 1996-1997, se llevó a cabo en Cúcuta un estudio para determinar el hábitat de Cryptococcus neoforrnans var. gattii debido a que los casos clinicos ocasionados por esa variedad se presentan con alta frecuencia en dicha ciudad. A partir de 2 de 68 almendros (Terrninalia catappa) localizados y estudiados en la ciudad, se logró aislar C. neoforrnans var. gattiiserotipo C. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue realizar un seguimiento de los dos almendros positivos, con el fin de evaluar el tiempo de permanencia del hongo en asocio con los detritos en diferentes épocas del año. Se tomaron muestras de los dos árboles durante 26 meses y de 9 almendros adicionales; las muestras se extrajeron con una solución tampón fosfato suplementada con antibióticos; el extracto se sembró en medios selectivos y se identificó la especie con base en la morfoloclía macro y microscópica v en pruebas bioauimicas. La determinación de la variedad y el sirotipo se realizó con i l empleo de técnicas estandarizadas. Del total de 160 muestras de los dos almendros, 31 (1 9,3%) fueron positivas para C. neoforrnans var. gattiiserotipo C a s i como una muestra de 1 de los 9 almendros adicionales. Estos hallazaos confirman que el almendro (Terrninalia catappa) puede tener algún papel como intermediaria para la var gatfii y, además, que la variedad está presente en el área durante todo el año, ya que se logró recuperar en diferentes meses a lo largo de todo el estudio.Palabras clave: Cryptococcus neoforrnans, ecología, hábitat, almendros.Recovery of Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii serotype C from almond trees detritus During 1996 to1997 a study conducted to search for the habitat of C. neoforrnansvar. gattiiwas carried out in Cúcuta, dueto the high frequency of clinical cases caused by this variety. From a total of 68 almond trees (Terrninalia catappa), two were positive for C. neoforrnans var. gattii serotype C. The aim of the present study was to follow-up the 2 positive trees in order to evaluate the permanence of the yeast in different months of the year. Samples were extracted with PBS supplemented with antibiotics and were plated in selective media. Species were assigned based on macro and microscopic morphology and biochemical tests. Variety and serotype was also determined with standardized techniques. From the two positive almond trees, samples were taken during 26 months and additionally 9 new almond trees were screened. From 160 samples, 31 (19,3%) were positive for C. neoforrnans var. gatfiiserotype C as well as 1 of the 9 extra trees.These findings confirmed that almond trees (Terrninalia catappa) could be a intermediate habitat for the var. gattii. In addition, that C. neoforrnans var. gattii serotype C could be present during the whole year in the area.
Con base en la información consignada en el herbario del Museo de Historia Natural de la Universidad Nacional sobre la presencia de un Eucalyptus camaldulensis en un parque de Bogotá. se diseñó este estudio con el fin de establecer si existia alguna asociación entre los eucaliptos presentes en el parque y las especies de ~ryptococcus. Se recolectaron mensualmente durante 2 años. muestras de madera de 19 Eucalv~tus. Estas se extraieron , .con una solución tampón fosfato con antibióticos y el extracto se sembró en medios selectivos. De las 426 muestras obtenidas. se recuperaron 17 aislamientos de especies de Cryptococcus: 14 C. laurentii. 2 C. neoformansvar neoformans y 1 C. albidus. Se estableció la asociación del hongo con los eucaliptos; sin embargo, no se logró recuperar la variedad gattii.Palabras clave: Cryptococcus neoformans, ecologia, Eucalyptus. lsolation of Cryptococcus species from Eucalyptus trees located in a park in BogotáThe presence in a northeast park of Bogota of a tree classified as Eucalyptus camaldulensis according to the registers of the National University herbarium prompted this study, aimed at establishing if there was an association of the Eucalyptus trees in this park with C~yptococcus spp. For 24 months. bark samples were monthly collected from 19 Eucalyptus trees. The samples were extracted with PBS buffer and cultured in a selective media. From 426 bark samples collected, 17 Cryptococcus isolates were recovered: 14 C. laurentii, 2 C. neoformans var neoformans serotype A and one C. albidus. The association between some Crypfococcus s~ecies and Eucalv~tus trees was aaain established: nevertheless. C. neoformans var. oaftii . .was not recovered.
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