techniques in I. paraguariensis mother trees and its cutting according to the material rejuvenation degree. CERNE, v. 24, n. 3, p. 240-248, 2018. HIGHLIGHTS Semi-girdling technique produces longer epicormic shoots in native Ilex paraguariensis. Cuttings form epicormic shoots produce a higher number of roots than treetop shoots. Shoots from detached live branches have short length with high number of leaf buds. New studies are needed regarding techniques to elongate shoots from detached branches.

No abstract

The rooting process of sequoia minicuttings presents clonal infl uence. The average rooting is over 85% in all seasons. The rooting of minicuttings occurs between 50 and 70 days. It is indicated the presence of 90 days of minicuttings in the rooting environment.

A estratificação das sementes de Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hill. (erva-mate) em areia úmida por períodos de quatro a seis meses é uma prática comum em viveiros, utilizada para a superação de dormência das mesmas. Entretanto, este processo pode apresentar difícil controle fitossanitário, devido ao elevado grau de umidade e a grande concentração de sementes no mesmo local. Assim, objetivou-se verificar a influência da estratificação em areia autoclavada na qualidade sanitária de sementes de erva-mate. Sementes de quatro lotes foram submetidas à estratificação em areia úmida autoclavada, durante três e seis meses, tendo sua sanidade avaliada em meio BDA ao final destes períodos, assim como em sementes que não passaram por estratificação. Ao final do período de estratificação, as sementes apresentaram aspecto superficial escurecido, o que pode estar ligado à ação dos fungos na degradação do endocarpo das mesmas. Foram identificados: Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. guttiforme, Paecilomyces sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp. Já Aureobasidium melanogenum, Trichoderma sp., Curvularia  sp., Rhizopus sp., Alternaria sp., Cladosporium sp. e Bipolaris sp. tiveram menores ocorrências. Observou-se a redução de Fusarium graminearum, F. oxysporum, F. guttiforme, Aspergillus sp. e Penicillium sp. após a estratificação em areia autoclavada e o gênero Paecilomyces somente foi observado aos 180 dias de estratificação, podendo estar relacionado com a degradação do endocarpo de sementes de Ilex paraguariensis.

Sequoia sempervirens is a fast-growing, long-lived tree with pest-resistant wood. The objective of this study was to quantify the adventitious rooting ability of sequoia clones in two environments as well as determining rooting behavior during the evaluation period. Mini-cuttings of five clones grown in a clonal mini-garden were planted for rooting in two different environments: a minitunnel and an intermittently fogging greenhouse. Weekly assessments (from 30 to 93 days) of the variables were performed: survival, rooted mini-cuttings and number of roots emitted. Rooting speed varied in relation to the clones, occurring mainly between 50 and 60 days after planting, with the appearance of new roots between 70 and 80 days. The cultivation environment promoted distinct responses in the rooting process, being earlier in the greenhouse environment, although with a higher index in the mini-tunnel at the end of the evaluation. The process of differentiation of mini-cuttings occurs initially with the formation of calluses, around 15 days, followed by rooting (between 30 and 60 days) and the subsequent appearance of new roots. The rooting of sequoia mini-cuttings can be done in a mini-tunnel, with good indexes for all clones. It is recommended to keep mini-cuttings in this environment for 90 days for good root formation.