La Organización Mundial de la Salud se ha pronunciado sobre las consecuencias psicosociales y de salud en la población mundial, a causa del SARS-CoV-2. El presente artículo tiene como objetivo valorar las consecuencias psicosociales en familias de los cantones Pedro Moncayo y Cayambe, Ecuador, en el contexto de la pandemia Covid-19, año 2021. Se trata de un estudio cuali-cuantitativo de diseño no experimental, con alcance exploratorio y descriptivo. Se aplicó una encuesta online a 252 familias de los cantones mencionados, quienes consintieron su participación, utilizando un cuestionario de preguntas personales y el test GHQ-12. Como parte de los resultados el 46 % de los participantes padecieron la enfermedad Covid-19, el porcentaje de desempleo fue del 52%. El 47 % de las familias mostraron bajo riesgo de sufrir alteraciones en su bienestar psicológico, funcionamiento social y afrontamiento (GHQ-12 <16); el 51% de las familias mostraron riesgo medio de afectación en su salud mental (GHQ >16), y sólo el 2% reportaron alto riesgo de afectación de su salud mental (GHQ >25). En relación a las conclusiones se reportaron diferencias sobre el impacto psicosocial entre las familias participantes, mediado por factores socioeconómicos, sociodemográficos y la Covid-19. Las familias más afectadas son prevenientes del Cantón Cayambe. El grupo masculino mostró mayor afectación en su salud mental, comparados con el grupo femenino.
Background This research characterizes the clinical and neuropsychological profiles and the quality of life in a group of Ecuadorian women who suffered physical violence, psychological violence, or sexual violence, exploring their relationships with sociodemographic factors. Methods A battery of tests were used to explore the clinical and neuropsychological functions and quality of life in the participants who were selected by random sampling from a population affected by violence (N = 120). Results Sixty percent of the participants showed clinical anxiety, 26.7% clinical depression, 40% post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms, 15% moderate personality disorder, and 51.7% a low quality-of-life index. Their Z-scores in the neuropsychological domains evaluated were verbal memory (RAVLT = -1.35), working memory (Digits = -1.67), attention (D2 = -1.24), processing speed (Coding = -1.33; Trail Making Test A = − 1.81), and executive function (Trail Making Test B = -1.15; Stroop = -0.20; verbal-semantic fluency test = 0.05; verbal fluency test = -1.23). Conclusions The majority of women who suffered gender-based violence presented clinical levels of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic symptoms. The cognitive functions with lower scores (Z < -1.5) were working memory and processing speed, which functions showed correlations with years of schooling.
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