The presence of a physiotherapist in the intensive care unit contributes decisively to the early recovery of the patient, reducing mechanical ventilation support need, number of hospitalization days, incidence of respiratory infection and risk of mortality.

No abstract

The characteristics of cobalt antidot structures, electrodeposited on Si by nanosphere lithography, is investigated by analysis of current transients and optical and atomic force microscopy. Polystyrene colloidal masks of 1 ML (monolayer) or a maximum of 2, with sphere diameters ranging between 165 and 600nm were fabricated by spin coating. For masks partially covered with bilayer regions, it is shown that the volume of deposited material in bilayer areas corresponds to only 5% of the cobalt deposited in the monolayer areas. This drastic reduction in the deposition rate affects the quality of the deposit. Therefore, the use of colloidal masks of homogeneous thickness is necessary to guarantee the electrodeposition of nanostructured films of controlled thickness. It will also be shown that the use of high quality colloidal masks yields a reproducible electrodeposition process, enabling the use of the current transient as a reliable tool for assessment of the deposition process.

No abstract

Background Our aim was to compare the efficacy of rituximab, tocilizumab, and abatacept in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) refractory to treatments with MTX or TNFi agents. Methods We searched 6 databases until January 2023 for phase 2–4 RCTs evaluating patients with RA refractory to MTX or TNFi therapy treated with rituximab, abatacept, and tocilizumab (intervention arm) compared to controls. Study data were independently assessed by two investigators. The primary outcome was considered as achieving ACR70 response. Results The meta-analysis included 19 RCTs, with 7,835 patients and a mean study duration of 1.2 years. Hazard ratios for achieving an ACR70 response at six months were not different among the bDMARDs, however, we found high heterogeneity. Three factors showing a critical imbalance among the bDMARD classes were identified: baseline HAQ score, study duration, and frequency of TNFi treatment in control arm. Multivariate meta-regression adjusted to these three factors were conducted for the relative risk (RR) for ACR70. Thus, heterogeneity was attenuated (I2 = 24%) and the explanatory power of the model increased (R2 = 85%). In this model, rituximab did not modify the chance of achieving an ACR70 response compared to abatacept (RR = 1.773, 95%CI 0.113–10.21, p = 0.765). In contrast, abatacept was associated with RR = 2.217 (95%CI 1.554–3.161, p < 0.001) for ACR70 compared to tocilizumab. Conclusion We found high heterogeneity among studies comparing rituximab, abatacept, and tocilizumab. On multivariate metaregressions, if the conditions of the RCTs were similar, we estimate that abatacept could increase the chance of reaching an ACR70 response by 2.2-fold compared to tocilizumab.