Resumo -O capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis) é uma planta perene que tem a capacidade de emergir e se desenvolver praticamente o ano inteiro nas condições climáticas brasileiras. Uma vez estabelecida com a formação de rizomas, a dificuldade de controle dessa espécie aumenta muito. Com a recente confirmação da existência de biótipos resistentes à glyphosate os problemas se agravaram e o conhecimento da biologia dessa espécie é fundamental na elaboração de estratégias para o manejo químico do capim-amargoso. A presença dessa espécie deve ser monitorada nas lavouras durante a safra, safrinha e entressafra, pois o descaso com a ocorrência dessa planta na lavoura pode levar a um forte aumento na população de D. insularis e consequentemente a sérios prejuízos na produtividade e aumento nos custos de produção. Palavras-chaves: capim-amargoso, resistência, controle químico Abstract -Sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) is a perennial weed which has the ability to germinate, grow and develop during the entire year under Brazilian weather conditions. Once established with the formation of rhizomes, the difficulty of control greatly increases. With the recent confirmation of the existence of resistant biotypes to glyphosate, the problems became worse and knowledge on the biology of this species is critical to develop strategies for chemical management of sourgrass. The presence of this species should be monitored during the crop growing seasons (winter and summer) and also during off-season period, once neglecting the occurrence of this plant in the area can lead to a sharp increase in the population of Digitaria insularis and consequently to serious crop yield losses and increased production costs.
Estratégias para o controle de capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis)Resumo -As características de agressividade do capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis) e a existência de biótipos resistentes ao glyphosate colocam esta planta daninha em evidência no cenário agrícola brasileiro. Neste sentido, o trabalho teve como objetivo a avaliação de estratégias para o manejo de capim-amargoso (Digitaria insularis) resistente ao glyphosate na cultura do milho safrinha. A utilização de paraquat na dessecação pré-colheita da soja seguida da aplicação de clethodim dois dias após a colheita da proporcionou a maior flexibilidade para a escolha dos herbicidas utilizados em pós-emergência do milho. Palavras-chaves: controle químico, inibidores da ACCase, mistura em tanque Abstract -The sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) characteristics of aggressiveness and the existence of glyphosate resistant biotypes puts this weed in evidence in the Brazilian agricultural scenario In this regard, the present study aimed at the development and evaluation of strategies for the management of sourgrass (Digitaria insularis) resistant to glyphosate in out-of-season corn crop. The use of paraquat in pre-harvest burn-down of soybean followed by the application of clethodim two days after harvesting soybeans provided flexibility to choose the herbicide used as post-emergent in corn.
É importante avaliar a tolerância de variedade de mandioca a novas alternativas de controle químico, com o intuito de ampliar as opções disponíveis. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a seletividade de herbicidas aplicados em pré-emergência, para duas importantes variedades de mandioca cultivadas no Estado do Paraná. Os herbicidas e respectivas doses (g i.a. ha-1) avaliadas foram: diuron (400 e 800), metribuzin (360 e 720), isoxaflutole (60), atrazine (720), S-metolachlor (1.920) e as misturas ametryn + clomazone (1.350+1.900), ametryn+trifluralin (1.500+1.350), isoxaflutole+metribuzin (60+320), isoxaflutole+diuron (60+400), combinados com uso de uma testemunha dupla adjacente a cada tratamento. Os cultivares utilizados neste trabalho foram Fécula Branca e Fibra. Apenas o herbicida S-metolachlor, para ambos os cultivares, e metribuzin (360 g i.a. ha-1), para o cultivar Fibra, não provocaram injúrias. Atrazine provocou redução de estande para o cultivar Fécula Branca aos 60 DAP, mas não foi detectada redução na altura de plantas. Tanto atrazine (para os dois cultivares) quanto diuron na dose de 800 g i.a. ha-1 (para o cultivar Fécula Branca) afetaram a produtividade de raízes. Dessa forma, atrazine foi considerado não seletivo para ambos os cultivares, e a maior dose de diuron foi também considerada não seletiva para o cultivar Fécula Branca. Há diferenças de tolerância entre os cultivares, sendo o Fibra, de modo geral, mais tolerante aos herbicidas avaliados.
-Sorghum, pearl millet, and Brachiaria ruziziensis have similar characteristics which have led to their use for mulch formation in no-till systems. This study was carried out to evaluate the potential of these three species as straw suppliers to suppress weed emergence. Initial findings led to the conclusion that both pearl millet and Brachiaria ruziziensis have similar or superior potential as weed suppressors, compared to sorghum straw, a species with recognized allelopathic potential. Subsequently, new trials were conducted under greenhouse conditions by sowing weed species in pots, followed by covering of the soil with the straw under evaluation. Independent experiments were conducted for Euphorbia heterophylla and Bidens pilosa. In each experiment, the factors analyzed were type of straw (pearl millet and B. ruziziensis), amount of straw (equivalent to 4 and 8 t ha
Resumo -Abstract -The 2,4-D has been one of the most widely used herbicide in combination with glyphosate, especially in applications desiccation pre-planting. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding 2,4-D to glyphosate for the control of weed species considered difficult to control (Commelina benghalensis, Richardia brasiliensis, Euphorbia heterophylla, Spermacoce latifolia, Ipomoea grandifolia e Conyza spp.). The experimental design was completely randomized, and treatments were arranged in a 3 x 4 factorial design with four replications. The first factor was composed of stages of development of weeds (2-4, 4-6 e >10 leaves) and the second factor by treatment with glyphosate (720 g i.a. ha -1 ), 2,4-D (670 g i.a. ha -1 ) glyphosate+2,4-D (720+670 g i.a. ha -1 ) and a treatment without herbicide (control). For Conyza spp. in green house, were performed three additional herbicide treatments varying doses of glyphosate and 2,4-D. The addition of 2,4-D to glyphosate is crucial to accelerate and improve weed control considered unwieldy as those studied in this work.
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