This paper presents the intra prediction and mode coding of the Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard. This standard was collaboratively developed by the Joint Video Experts Team (JVET). It follows the traditional architecture of a hybrid block-based codec that was also the basis of previous standards. Almost all intra prediction features of VVC either contain substantial modifications in comparison with its predecessor H.265/HEVC or were newly added. The key aspects of these tools are the following: 65 angular intra prediction modes with block shape-adaptive directions and 4-tap interpolation filters are supported as well as the DC and Planar mode, Position Dependent Prediction Combination is applied for most of these modes, Multiple Reference Line Prediction can be used, an intra block can be further subdivided by the Intra Subpartition mode, Matrix-based Intra Prediction is supported, and the chroma prediction signal can be generated by the Cross Component Linear Model method. Finally, the intra prediction mode in VVC is coded separately for luma and chroma. Here, a Most Probable Mode list containing six modes is applied for luma. The individual compression performance of tools is reported in this paper. For the full VVC intra codec, a bitrate saving of 25% on average is reported over H.265/HEVC using an objective metric. Significant subjective benefits are illustrated with specific examples.

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In this paper, we present a novel data-hiding method that does not interfere with other data-hiding techniques (e.g., sign bits hiding) that are already included into state-of-theart coding standards such as HEVC/H.265. One of the main features that are inherent to the proposed technique is its orientation on hierarchically-structured units (e.g., a hierarchy in HEVC/H.265 that includes coding, prediction and transform units). As shown in the paper, this method provides higher coding gain when applied to scalar-quantized values. Finally, we present experimental results that confirm the high RD-performance of this technique in comparison with explicit signaling and discuss its suitability for HEVC-compatible watermarking.Index Terms-HEVC/H.265, data hiding, scalar and vector quantization, reference sample intra-smoothing, watermarking

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