L ess than a decade since its official introduction, smart specialization, which guides the selection of priorities for innovative development, has proven to be a farreaching academic idea and political instrument. In the European Union, smart specialization is mentioned among the ex ante conditions for receiving subsidies from European structural and investment funds. Its core principles are considered in innovation strategies in Australia, South Korea, and some countries of Latin America. In Russia, smart specialization is also being introduced in the agenda of policymakers. The paper seeks to reveal which levels of governance should be involved in the design of a smart specialization

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