Background and Aim: Ultrasound is a non-invasive technique that enables animal evaluation and body condition classification of animals. Although it is not difficult to obtain an image, the analysis of this image can influence results quality. This study aimed to evaluate the repeatability and reproducibility of the technician trained in image interpretation obtained using different ultrasound frequencies. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six lambs were used, ranging in weight from 15 to 40 kg. The images were captured using a linear probe of 13 cm, with a 3.5 megahertz (MHz) frequency and an acoustic couplant aid "standoff" or using a multifrequency transducer (6 and 8 MHz), on B mode, with a linear probe and 8.0 MHz frequency. All measurements were performed by the same technician, on the left side, between the 12th and 13th rib. Five different evaluators, at two different times, with aid of Image J software measured the loin eye area (LEA; only for images obtained with 3.5 MHz), Longissimus thoracis et lumborum depth (DLM), subcutaneous fat thickness (SFT), subcutaneous fat thickness plus skin (SFST), and skin thickness (ST). Results: For LEA, DLM, SFT, SFST, and ST, variation was observed (p<0.01) between evaluators; however, there was no difference (p>0.05) between the 2 times of evaluation. Images measurements obtained with a frequency of 8.0 MHz had better repeatability indices and reproducibility indices. Accordingly, the identity test demonstrated that measurements performed on images obtained using 3.5 or 8.0 MHz were not equivalent. Conclusion: Ultrasound image measurements obtained using an 8.0 MHz frequency were more accurate and precise. It is important to use only one evaluator or providing the simultaneous training for all evaluators.
El objetivo de este estudio fue verificar los parámetros fisiológicos, hematológicos y bioquímicos séricos de caballos atletas sometidos al deporte de lazo en el Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Con ese propósito fueron evaluados seis machos y dos hembras en dos momentos diferentes, antes y después de la prueba, caracterizados como M0 y M1. En relación con los parámetros fisiológicos, referentes a la temperatura rectal, frecuencia cardíaca y frecuencia respiratoria, el resultado en el M0 fue de (37,23±0,25, 42,75±6,22 e 29,75±8,77), respectivamente, en cuanto en el M1 (37,97±0,34, 64,35±13,34, 60,87±11,28), inmediatamente de realizada la prueba del deporte del lazo se observó un aumento en estos parámetros. En los valores hematológicos fue observada solo una alteración del VCM después del ejercicio, esto ocurre debido al aumento de eritrocitos. En relación con los parámetros bioquímicos séricos, ocurrió aumento en M1 la medición de la enzima aspartato aminotransferasa (AST) y reducción de los niveles de glucosa sanguínea. Podemos concluir que ocurrieron alteraciones fisiológicas, hematológicas y bioquímicas séricas inmediatamente después a la realización de la prueba en caballos atletas, debido a necesidades fisiológicas del ejercicio equino. Las mayores alteraciones fueron observadas en los resultados fisiológicos del VCM, AST, LDH, CK y glucosa sanguínea de los caballos sometidos a la prueba del deporte de lazo en este trabajo.
RESUMO.Este trabalho teve como objetivo descrever o comportamento da Proteína C Reativa (PCR), comparada aos resultados do California Mastitis Test (CMT) em vacas leiteiras. Foram utilizadas 28 vacas produtoras de leite para a detecção de mastite subclínica. Dentre estes animais, 21 (75%) foram positivas no teste do CMT e 10 (35,7%) foram positivos para a PCR. Ao analisar os resultados pelo teste McNemar foi possível concluir que os testes diagnósticos não possuem relação estatística. Pode ser concluído que a PCR pode ser utilizada como auxiliar na interpretação de diagnóstico para mastite subclínica, quando associada ao CMT. Palavras chave: Inflamação, mastite, PCR C-Reactive Protein behavior in dairy cows, compared to the California Mastitis TestABSTRACT. The objective of this study was to describe the behavior of C-reactive protein (CRP), compared to the results of the California Mastitis Test (CMT) in dairy cows. Thirty -eight dairy cows were used to detect subclinical mastitis. Among these animals, 21 (75%) were positive in the CMT test and 10 (35.7%) were PCR positive. When analyzing the results by the McNemar test it was possible to conclude that the diagnostic tests have no statistical relation. It can be concluded that PCR can be used as an aid in the diagnostic interpretation for subclinical mastitis when associated with CMT. Keywords: Inflammation, mastites, CRP Comportamiento de la Proteína C Reactiva en las vacas lecheras en comparación con la California Mastitis TestRESUMEN. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir el comportamiento de la proteína C-reactiva (CRP), en comparación con la Prueba de Mastitis California (CMT) en las vacas lecheras. Se utilizaron 28 vacas productoras de leche para la detección de mastitis subclínica. Entre estos animales, 21 (75%) fueron positivos en la prueba MTC y 10 (35,7%) fueron positivos para PCR. Al analizar los resultados mediante la prueba de McNemar se concluyó que las pruebas de diagnóstico no poseen relación estadística. Se puede concluir que la PCR se puede utilizar como una ayuda de diagnóstico en la interpretación para la mastitis subclínica, cuando se asocia con CMT.
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