The review deals with modern ideas of neuroimmunoendocrine regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes in skin. The present data are provided which indicate to composite mechanisms of intercellular interactions in complex regulating systems (nervous, immune, endocrine) acting at the level of skin in normal conditions, as well during the posttraumatic period. We describe different modes for participation of endocrine and nervous systems in immunologically induced skin inflammation. The data are provided confirming localization of adrenergic receptors on membranes of immunocompetent cells and leukocytes, on regulatory effects of hypothalamus upon immune functions, about multidirectional actions upon inflammation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system etc.There are sufficient data on promotion of pathophysiological changes and reconstitution processes in the skin due to effects of local immune cells and bioactive substances expressed by them. The course of skin wound regeneration depend on the type of damage, degree and a phase of healing process. Posttraumatic reparative potential of skin is often limited by the infectious processes initiated by local microflora, products of cell disintegration and necrotic tissues. The cause-effect relationship is proven by arising inflammation which is implemented by inclusion of immune protection responses. The increased necrotic area and suppuration of the wound occurs die to inhibition of system of the phagocytizing macrophages. However, activation of this system brings about formation of the connective tissue capsule around the inflammation focus within early terms.We also discuss the issues of reparative skin regeneration which of great medico-social value, in connection with considerable prevalence of traumatic events and their social consequences, followed by expressed cosmetic defects. Evolving neurocognitive problems lead to decreased quality of the patient’s life, development of social disadaptation and further deprivation. The role of nervous system and psychological frustration in genesis of skin manifestations requires future development of the modern scientific direction, i.e., psychodermatology.Understanding of molecular mechanisms regulating the neuroimmunocutaneous interactions offers new prospectives in treatment of some skin diseases, as well as activation of the damaged skin recovery. According to the data presented in the review article, one may conclude on relevance of further studies on reparative potential of skin under interactions of homeostatic regulatory systems.

Relevance. The relevance of the study of the large cell nucleus of the anterior hypothalamus in case of skin damage is due to the important role of accompanying reactive changes in the neuroendocrine regulatory complex in stress. Since the hypothalamus is part of neuroendocrine cooperation, it shows pronounced signs of structural disorganization of neurons. The purpose of the study is to study structural changes in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus of rats in the dynamics of thermal burn injury of the skin. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in laboratory mature male rats. To assess the morphological features of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus in the dynamics of skin burn injury, histological examination methods were carried out. The morphological analysis evaluated the neurotopographic organization of the nucleus and its structural organization. Structural transformations were judged by the shape and location of neurons, by the shape of neuronal pericarions, by the presence of focal gliosis, swelling, spongiosis. Results and Discussion. The results of morphological analysis showed that in the conditions of burn damage to the skin in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus, pronounced destructive changes in the form of focal gliosis, swelling, spongiosis, reversible and irreversible damage to nerve cells occurred in the initial post-traumatic period (on days 2-4). Weak structural tissue transformations on days 7-10 after burn exposure reflected the dynamics of repair of damaged nerve cells, testifying to of partial disorganization of nerve cells of a restorative nature. Conclusion. Thus, the revealed structural disorders in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus can be regarded as insignificant, which indicates the complex internal organization of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus and its high resistance to damaging exogenous influences. The morphological features of the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus confirm the involvement of the neurosecretory apparatus in the process of adaptation to stress against the background of burn exposure, the selective participation of their neurohormones in the regulation of normal and pathological conditions, exerting a wide range of physiological influences in the development of protective and adaptive mechanisms.

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It is known that preparations of plant origin occupy a special place and are characterized by a unique chemical composition, a wide spectrum of action, effectiveness in prolonged use, lack of toxicity and side effects, availability according to the criteria of resource supply and renewable. The issue of the phytochemical study of medicinal vegetal raw materials and the production of a complex of biologically active substances from it for further introduction into pharmaceutical practice remains relevant. From these positions, the Ginkgo biloba L. plant is of scientific interest as the richest source of biologically active compounds that have a polyfunctional effect on the body. The Ginkgo biloba L. relict plant is a promising raw material for use in phytotherapy. Most biologically active substances are concentrated in leaves. Unique chemical composition of Ginkgo leaves determines a wide range of its pharmacological and physiological properties. Bioflavonoids are known among biologically active Ginkgo bioflavonoids – quercetin, isoramnetin, kempferol, flavonoid glycosides – ginkgetin, bilobetin, myricetin, triterpene lactones gingcolide and bilobalide, organic acids, amino acids (thymine, asparagine), essential oils. However, information on the quantitative content of biologically active compounds in Ginkgo leaves is not enough. In this regard, it is of scientific interest to study the sum of flavonoids in the extract of dried leaves of the Ginkgo biloba L. plant. The purpose of this work was to quantify the content of the sum of flavonoid glycosides in the dried leaves of Ginkgo biloba L., which grows in the Krasnodar Territory Russian Federation. To identify the content of flavonoids in water-alcohol extracts (with a different ratio of water to ethyl alcohol) of Ginkgo biloba leaves, a method was used to quantify the sum of flavonoid glycosides in plant raw materials. In the course of the study, in order to establish optimal (technological) conditions for the quantitative determination (quantitative identification) of the sum of flavonoids in the Ginkgo biloba L. raw material, a series of experiments were carried out to extract air-dried, ground leaves of this plant with ethyl alcohol (an aqueous solution of ethyl alcohol), as an extractant of various concentrations. In the course of comparative analysis of the sum of flavonoids extracted from Ginkgo biloba leaves in water-alcohol extracts with different concentration of ethyl alcohol (40 %, 60 %, 70 % and 80 % solutions), it was revealed that the highest yield of the sum of flavonoids is observed under the action of extractant – 60 % aqueous ethanol solution. The obtained experimental data of the flavonoid composition indicate a significant content of flavonoids in the leaves of Ginkgo biloba, which determines a wide range of physiological and pharmacological activity of the plant. The studied plant source is a promising raw material for further development of new effective dosage forms. Ginkgo biloba L. plant is a depot of valuable biologically active components, which is the basis for further studies on the identification of other biologically active substances and the subsequent assessment of their physiological and pharmacological activity with the aim of developing new phytodetic agents based on it.

In article morphological features of skin of rats in the conditions of burn influence of skin without use of medicines and against the background of correction are studied by pharmaceuticals. A research objective was studying of morphological features of skin wounds of rats in the conditions of a thermal trauma and against the background of their correction was stimulators of a reparation of tissues. Materials and methods. As an object of a research served exemplars of the defective skin of non-linear rats males ( n = 50) excised from a zone of a thermal trauma in interscapular area of a back. The thermal burn of skin was caused imposing of a copper subject. Beginning from first day after a trauma put appliques of stimulators of a reparation of tissues daily during the entire period of an experiment. Results. Thermal influence led to development of the significant degenerative and dystrophic changes in skin. Restitution of a burn wound of skin of rats proceeded as the delayed partial reparative regeneration which is followed by the destructive phenomen and formation of cicatricial tissues. Conclusion. Application of stimulators of a reparation of tissues (cream Spacatel, spray D-pantenol) as means of correction of wound defects of skin promoted delay of the destructive processes within a false skin, a derma and a hypodermic fatty tissue, to an adhesion of a zone of damage (formation of tissues of skin and a cuticularization of a wound), in comparison with a case of correction of burn wounds of skin appliques of extraction alcoolique by Calendulae. Positive takes of our research prove effectiveness of their application in dermatologic and traumatology practice.