Objetivo. Determinar la calidad de la leche cruda en dos sistemas de producción, en diferentes regiones de Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó un análisis retrospectivo de las bases de datos de ocho empresas procesadoras de leche, que incluyeron parámetros físicos, químicos y bacteriológicos de leches crudas en 1.159 fincas ubicadas en sistemas de producción de leche especializada y de doble propósito. Resultados. En el sistema doble propósito, se encontraron los mayores niveles de proteína, grasa, sólidos no grasos y sólidos totales. Conclusiones. Se observaron valores muy extremos en una misma región, para las diferentes variables estudiadas; lo que permite establecer que hay fincas de una misma región que presentan buenas y malas prácticas de manejo. Así mismo se hace necesario elevar los niveles de los diferentes componentes químicos de la leche particularmente en el sistema especializado y de mejorar la calidad bacteriológica; todo esto se logra mediante la implementación de un programa de buenas prácticas ganaderas.

Leptospirosis is a reemerging zoonosis of global distribution and is one of the causes of hemorrhagic fevers in the tropics. We sought to determine seroprevalence in humans and animals and isolate Leptospira interrogans sensu lato in domestic animals, rodents, and water sources. The study was conducted in a tropical area of the middle Sinú in Cordoba, Colombia. In a prospective descriptive study, we collected blood and urine from pigs and dogs, sera from rural human workers, sera and kidney macerates of rodents, and water samples from environmental sources. We used microagglutination to screen for antibodies to 13 serovars. Strains were cultured on the Ellinghausen-McCullough-Johnson-Harris medium and confirmed by PCR amplifying lipL32 gene. Seroprevalence was 55.9% in pigs, 35.2% in dogs, and 75.8% in humans; no antibody was detected, and no Leptospira were isolated from kidney macerates of rodents. Seven L. interrogans sensu lato strains were isolated: three from pigs, two from dogs, and two from water. High seroprevalence in pigs, dogs, and humans, concomitant to isolation of strains, demonstrates that in Cordoba, transmission exists among animals, the environment, and humans, which warrants the implementation of public health intervention measures to reduce the epidemiological impact of leptospirosis in the region.

No abstract

Traces of antibiotics being found in 25 % of milk samples revealed a lack of public health controls, as well as evidence of the indiscriminate use of antibiotics in the livestock industry and a risk to public health.

Objective: To study the eco-epidemiology of alphaviruses in bats of departments of Córdoba and Sucre, Colombia. Methodology: A prospective descriptive cross-sectional study with a non-probabilistic sampling, in 12 localities of Córdoba and Sucre was carried out. Using mist nets capture of the specimens was carried out. The size of the sample was 286 bats, each specimen captured was taxonomically classified. The bats were immobilized with anesthetic and analgesic treatment according to the ethics committee of the University of Córdoba, morphometric measurements and blood samples were taken, later they were necropsied in the field to obtain a collection of tissues which were preserved in liquid N 2 −190°C. The averages of the climatic conditions of the sampling sites were extracted from the WorldClim database (http://www.worldclim.org/). The open source software QGIS (Quantum GIS Development Team.2015) was used to map and visualize bioclimatic regions of Córdoba. We used descriptive and retrospective information about the equine population and reports of foci of equine encephalitis. Results: In Córdoba and Sucre, 286 bats were captured and 23 species were classified, Artibeus and Phyllostomus discolor were the most frequent captured genus. The geographic ranges of the captured species were variable, some had a wide distribution and others were restricted to some areas. Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus RNA was detected in Artibeus planirostris and Sturnira lilium (2/286 = 0.70%) from Cordoba -Colombia. The univariate descriptive analysis showed no significant association for any of the analyzed variables climatic. Conclusions: Frugivorous bats from the Caribbean area of Colombia may be involved in the Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus enzootic cycle.