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The investment in tunneling shows an worldwide expansion trend. Reduction of risks, as part of the financial strategy of the stakeholders, has been the focus of several research studies. This paper aims to describe the construction risk prevention, in terms of occupational accidents and diseases, of the 2nd phase of the Marão Tunnel (Portugal) -the longest roadway tunnel in the Iberian Peninsula excavated with Sequential Method -with the particularity of the works being interrupted, leaving the tunnel only with primary lining for three years. The methodology is based in: 1) identification, by literature review, of most typical preventive measures and assessement of their applicability in the case study; 2) description of new preventive approaches. The paper will start with a history of work accidents, followed by the case study and, finally, it will delve into the preventive measures applied, as well as the new approaches, such as over-runs, falling blocks and risks associated with the suspension of works. Measures identified in literature were implemented and their validity was assessed. New approaches provided an safer and quickest way to work. This study is relevant to future tunnelling sites, since it is a good example of risk management using new approaches.Key words: New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM), Sequential Excavation Method (SEM), risks, safety, tunneling. ResumenLa inversión en construcción de túneles muestra una tendencia de expansión mundial. La reducción de los riesgos laborales, como parte de la estrategia financiera de las empresas, ha protagonizado varios estudios científicos. Este artículo describe la seguridad laboral implementada durante la construcción de la 2ª fase del Túnel de Marão (Portugal), el túnel carretero más largo de la Península Ibérica ejecutado mediante el Método de Excavación Secuencial, con la particularidad de que su ejecución fue interrumpida durante tres años manteniendo el túnel sólo el revestimiento primario. La metodología se basa en: 1) identificación, mediante revisión bibliográfica, de las medidas preventivas más habituales y evaluación de su aplicabilidad al caso de estudio; 2) descripción de nuevos enfoques preventivos. El artículo comienza analizando un histórico de accidentes, seguido por el estudio de caso y finaliza profundizando en las medidas implementadas y en los nuevos enfoques, como sobrecargas, caída de bloques y riesgos asociados a la suspensión de las obras. Se implementaron medidas identificadas en la bibliografía y se evaluó su validez. Los nuevos enfoques proporcionaron una manera más segura y rápida de trabajar. Este estudio es relevante para el futuro de la construcción de túneles por la aplicación de nuevos enfoques.

The high number of accidents in the construction sector makes the concept of prevention through design (PtD), which starts with the integration of an occupational risk assessment in this phase, increasingly important. To this end, BIM (building information modelling) is a methodology that provides benefits related to the management of health and safety in the design phase. Its application in linear work projects is less developed than its application in building, even more so with regard to health and safety in BIM. This research proposes a methodology for integrating risk assessment into the design phase of BIM road projects, structuring the information, establishing the information integration processes, its analysis and risk management, and automating its integration into the model through zones. As a result, the research enables risk assessment in the BIM model through zones, differentiating risk values and allowing for the analysis of interferences between certain activities and the study of other specific activities in the design. As a result of the structure and organisation of the data, it is possible to export the data to IFC for coordination with other stakeholders. Thus, the final contribution of the research is the introduction of health and safety into road projects conducted with BIM, in compliance with legal requirements.

Electrical risk has a particular impact within the construction sector. This leads to the development of regulations to mitigate it, but correct application of regulations is impossible with a traditional 2D analysis. The construction sector is using technologies from the industrial sector (Construction 4.0), with BIM as the main enabling technology. Thus, the objective of this article is the evaluation of the risk produced by Overhead Power Lines (OPL) through BIM integration. The OPL, its risk zones, the affected road, and the envelope resulting from the geometry of the necessary machines to build it were digitized, converging in a single model to perform a 4D risk analysis. The risks of the execution of the embankment and road surface of a road section passing through an OPL were analyzed by means of the collision of the envelope with its risk zones, resulting in an integration of their evaluation, to which was added the introduction of preventive measures and their re-evaluation. The parametric 3D modelling allowed a better definition of the risk zones and the BIM management minimized errors, providing traceability of decisions from the design phase, complying with health and safety regulations and applying the principle of Prevention through Design (PtD).

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