The widespread implementation of molecular HIV surveillance (MHS) has resulted in increased discussion about the ethical, human rights, and public health implications of MHS. We narrate our process of pausing our research that uses data collected through MHS in response to these growing concerns, summarize the original study, and key lessons we learned through conversations with community members. Some community concerns about MHS in public health practice also apply to research using MHS data, namely those related to informed consent, directionality, criminalization, and communicating results. Other critiques were specific to our research, and included feedback about the use of phylogenetic analyses to study assortativity by race/ethnicity and the importance of considering the broader context of stigma and structural racism. We ultimately decided the potential harms of publishing our study–including perpetuating racialized stigma about/among MSM and eroding the trust between phylogenetics researchers and communities of PLHIV–outweighed the potential benefits. Addressing criminalization, including PLHIV in decision-making processes, and increasing transparency have the potential to meaningfully address community concerns and strengthen the ethical justification for using MHS data in both research and public health practice.

Introduction The widespread implementation of molecular HIV surveillance (MHS) has resulted in an increased discussion about the ethical, human rights and public health implications of MHS. We narrate our process of pausing our research that uses data collected through MHS in response to these growing concerns and summarize the key lessons we learned through conversations with community members. Methods The original study aimed to describe HIV transmission patterns by age and race/ethnicity among men who have sex with men in King County, Washington, by applying probabilistic phylodynamic modelling methods to HIV‐1 pol gene sequences collected through MHS. In September 2020, we paused the publication of this research to conduct community engagement: we held two public‐facing online presentations, met with a national community coalition that included representatives of networks of people living with HIV, and invited two members of this coalition to provide feedback on our manuscript. During each of these meetings, we shared a brief presentation of our methods and findings and explicitly solicited feedback on the perceived public health benefit and potential harm of our analyses and results. Results Some community concerns about MHS in public health practice also apply to research using MHS data, namely those related to informed consent, inference of transmission directionality and criminalization. Other critiques were specific to our research study and included feedback about the use of phylogenetic analyses to study assortativity by race/ethnicity and the importance of considering the broader context of stigma and structural racism. We ultimately decided the potential harms of publishing our study—perpetuating racialized stigma about men who have sex with men and eroding the trust between phylogenetics researchers and communities of people living with HIV—outweighed the potential benefits. Conclusions HIV phylogenetics research using data collected through MHS data is a powerful scientific technology with the potential to benefit and harm communities of people living with HIV. Addressing criminalization and including people living with HIV in decision‐making processes have the potential to meaningfully address community concerns and strengthen the ethical justification for using MHS data in both research and public health practice. We close with specific opportunities for action and advocacy by researchers.

Using an agent-model, we conducted an analysis of a two-party system, in order to identify a pattern of behavior in the influence exercised by the number core votes on the proportion of the number of annulled votes, which are cast during an election. In a 2d toroidal grid network, where each node is connected with its four closest neighbors, we introduce the concept of an opinion network with uniformly distributed nodes that can have one of three different states, also known as ''spin'': + 1, 21 and 0. Initially, the states + 1 and 21 correspond respectively to ''active votes'' for candidate A and candidate B, with the specific feature that these are not able to change their state ''core vote'' (i.e., that do not change their political preferences). The rest is established as having a state of 0, known as ''undecided voters'', who will try to become ''active votes'' in favor of one of the two contending candidates, during the process of interaction with their four closest neighbors (because of their influence, in real life these would be interpreted as the voters' immediate surroundings). The model dynamics tend to a state of equilibrium, in which there are no more voters changing their opinion upon interaction with his four closest neighbors. Finally, active voters who decide become part of the valid vote, while the undecided become part of the annulled vote.

La responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) se ha convertido en una práctica que no es exclusiva de las grandes organizaciones, las pequeñas medianas empresas (PYME) tienen la obligación de adaptar estrategias para lograr beneficios extras en el sector en el que se desenvuelvan, sí  deciden impactar el mercado en el que se encuentren,  es así como surge la la Red Iberoamericana de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RIRSEP) cuyo propósito es establecer un modelo de RSE para las PYME de Iberoamérica, el objetivo de este trabajo es; integrar un modelo de RSE para el caso de las PYME de la región Tula-Tepeji en el Estado de Hidalgo. El método consistió en un estudio exploratorio, la recolección de información fue por medio de un instrumentó integrado por   77 reactivos. Dentro de los principales hallazgos se identificó que las empresas de la región desarrollan escazas actividades de RSE, pero están abiertas a las aportaciones y sugerencias que en materia se les pueda brindar, finalmente de la investigación se obtuvo un modelo de RSE mismo que se presentará como aportación del nodo Tula a la RIRSEP para su evaluación e integración en el modelo que la red se ha propuesto aportar a las PYME de Iberoamérica.

El presente artículo describe la postura de la siguiente administración federal con relación al  Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), de continuar con el Programa de Estímulo a la Innovación (PFI) o cambiar a otro tipo de estrategias que permita fomentar el estímulo a la innovación por parte del sector privado, esta situación forma parte del debate que se ha trabajado en la discontinuidad administrativa (Peña, 1999), esté concepto plantea asegurar los programas de crecimiento institucional para que trasciendan más allá de los sexenios. Es importante hacer énfasis en el tema de innovación de las PYMES, porque de acuerdo con el Sistema Económico Latinoamericano y del Caribe SELA (2009), las PYMES constituyen más del 90% de las empresas en la mayoría de los países del mundo. En América Latina, estudios empíricos estiman que éstas contribuyen entre 35% y 40% a la generación de empleo en la región, 33% del PIB y 25% de la inversión. Por otra parte, la Secretaria de Economía en México (2008), corrobora estos resultados, al inferir que en esta zona existen cerca de 17 millones de empresas formales, 95% microempresas y 1,5 millones pequeñas y medianas, que aportan 40% del empleo, 33% del PIB y 25% de la inversión. Por lo tanto, es necesario retomar los proyectos con relación a la innovación de PYMES que se han desarrollado en el sexenio de Enrique Peña Nieto y sobre todo los que están contemplados en el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo de Andrés Manuel López Obrador.