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Objective: The purpose of this experimental in vitro study was to assess the effect of having one or two intact axial walls on the improvement of the fracture resistance, and marginal and internal adaptation of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturer fabricated ceramic endocrowns.Materials and Methods: Thirty-six endodontically treated mandibular molars were divided into three groups (n = 12). Group A, represented teeth that all of their axial walls were reduced till they all had 3 mm height. In group B, the buccal wall had 5 mm height and the others were reduced to 3 mm. Specimens of the group C had 5-mm-height buccal and one 5 mm-height proximal wall, with all other walls of 3 mm height. All teeth were scanned using intraoral scanner, and endocrowns were milled from zirconia lithium silicate ceramics blocks. The marginal and internal discrepancy of restorations were evaluated with the replica technique. Fracture resistance was also measured after cementation and modes of failure were observed. One-way analysis of variance and Tukey HSD multiple comparisons were used to analyze the data (α = .5).Results: Significant differences were observed within the groups in terms of the axial discrepancy (p = .022); group A had significantly higher amounts of axial discrepancy compared to group B (p = .001) and group C (p = .003). Preservation of the intact axial walls did not result in a statistically significant decrease in marginal (p = .21) and pulpal (p = .31) discrepancy values. Also, concerning the fracture resistance no significant difference was observed among the groups (p = .51). Conclusion:Preservation of at least one of the axial walls could reduce the amount of the axial discrepancy and, therefore, improves the adaptation of the restoration.However, based on this study, it did not improve fracture resistance.

Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common cancer affecting the oral and maxillofacial region. This study aimed to investigate the role of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in angiogenesis and hypoxic response in OSCC. Methods This retrospective observational study evaluated 56 cases of OSCC using dual immunohistochemistry. Octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 (OCT3/4) marker was used to evaluate CSC activity. Glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) marker was used to evaluate the hypoxic response and angiogenesis, while endoglin (CD105) was used to evaluate the late stage of angiogenesis and blood vessel formation. Results Co-expression of OCT3/4 and GLUT1 was noted in 11 of 12 patients with grade III OSCC. However, we did not observe co-expression of these markers in 13 of 22 patients with grade I OSCC. Although we observed a significant correlation between co-expression of GLUT1 and OCT3/4 and tumor grade, there was no significant correlation between co-expression of OCT3/4 and CD105 and different grades of OSCC. Conclusions CSCs could play important roles in the initial stages of hypoxic response and angiogenesis. Our result reported that in higher grades of OSCC, GLUT1 as a first response to hypoxic situations might be a result of CSCs. Further studies are required to discover other biomarkers, their roles, and associated pathways of CSCs in OSCC.

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Introduction and importance Acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) is a rare low-grade salivary gland malignancy that accounts for approximately 17% of all salivary gland malignancies. The most common site affected by ACC is the parotid gland followed by the submandibular glands, minor salivary glands, and sublingual glands. Also, it could hardly be observed in unusual sites such as the jaw bones. Case presentation This case is an example of a central acinic cell carcinoma in a 73-year-old man who came up with a painless gradual swelling for 15 months. Based on clinico-radio-pathologic findings, the diagnosis of a solid variant Intraosseous Acinic Cell Carcinoma was established. Subsequently, the patient underwent hemimandibulectomy and modified radical neck dissection, followed by postoperative radiotherapy. Within a six-month follow-up period, no evidence of residual tumor was found. Clinical discussion Central salivary gland carcinoma is a rare entity and intraosseous ACC is more scarcely observed. Based on our findings, a total of 17 cases of primary intraosseous ACC have been reported so far. Etiology and clinical presentations of this tumor are still vague due to its rarity. Conclusion Dentists and oral surgeons must be aware of such a rare malignant lesion when encountering a radiolucent lesion within the jaws. The early diagnosis and a complete surgical excision to achieve tumor-free surgical margins and a long-term follow-up could result in significantly improved survival rates.