Background The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has the second highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Middle East. There is a paucity of research on the experiences and treatment preferences of patients with T2DM in KSA. This study explored Saudi patients’ health-related quality of life, eating habits, experiences during Ramadan, and preference between two glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) treatment devices. Methods A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in three cities in KSA. Participants completed sociodemographic and clinical forms, EQ-5D-5L, Impact of Weight on Self-Perceptions, and a diabetes treatment survey. Participants also viewed instructional videos on GLP-1 RA injection devices and indicated their device preference. Results Of the 310 participants, 53% were male. The mean age was 43 years (range: 30.0–75.0), duration since diabetes diagnosis was 6.3 years (range: 0.2–27.1), the most commonly reported last HbA1c level was between ≥7.1% and 8% (45%). The mean EQ-5D-5L index score was 0.90, with some participants reporting problems with pain/discomfort (34.5%) and usual activities (33.2%). Patients reported a low-to-moderate impact of weight on self-perception. In preparation for Ramadan, participants sought physician advice on diabetes management (37%) and/or increased checks of their blood glucose (37%). After watching the videos, 89% (n=277) of participants indicated a device preference, with significantly more preferring the dulaglutide device (n=186, 67%) over the semaglutide device (n=91, 33%) (p<0.0001). Conclusion This study indicates that T2DM has a significant social, emotional, and behavioral impact on the lives of patients in KSA.

Background No willingness-to-pay (WTP) per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) value exists for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Objective The primary objective of this study was to determine the WTP for a QALY in the KSA. Methods Adult citizens of the KSA, patients with cancer, or members of the general public (MGP) were recruited to participate in a time trade-off survey to elicit health utilities. Cancer was chosen as the disease of interest for patients and the MGP, with a scenario describing stage 3 colorectal cancer, because it is a disease condition that impacts on both quality of life and survival time. In a second step, respondents were asked about their WTP to move from the estimated health state to a state of perfect health for 1 year (QALY). Finally, that amount was processed to generate the WTP for a full QALY. The second step was repeated with a 5-year horizon. Sensitivity analyses were performed without outliers. Results From 400 participants, data from 378 subjects were obtained and usable: 177 patients, 201 MGP; 278 male, 100 female subjects; 231 aged 26-65 years. Demographic distribution varied widely between the two subgroups for age, education level, and employment status, but with less variation in sex and income. Elicited health utilities were 0.413 (0.472 after adjustment) for the overall group, 0.316 (0.416) for patients, and 0.499 (0.508

The State of Ohio led the United States in measles in 2014, ostensibly related to international air travel (IAT), and ranked lower than 43 other states in infectious disease outbreak preparedness. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using surveillance data of the total Ohio population of 11 million from 2010 through 2014 with a nested case control of air travelers to determine the risk of malaria, seasonal influenza hospitalizations (IH), and hepatitis A (HA) disease related to international travel and to estimate the association with domestic enplanement. IAT appeared protective for HA and IH with a risk of 0.031 (.02–.04) but for malaria was 2.7 (2.07–3.62). Enplanement increased the risk for nonendemic M 3.5 (2.5–4.9) and for HA and IH 1.39 (1.34–1.44). IAT's ratio of relative risk (RRR) of malaria to HA and IH was 87.1 (55.8–136) greater than 219 times versus domestic enplanement which was protective for malaria at 0.397 (0.282–0.559). Malaria is correlated with IAT with cases increasing by 6.9 for every 10,000 passports issued.

A 3 4 7 -A 7 6 6 A741 statistical correction made a substantial difference to modelled cost-effectiveness. Failing to apply appropriate correction for crossover can lead to misleading costeffectiveness estimates.Objectives: In Japan, cancer is the leading cause of death, and cancer-related health expenditures have increased, accounting for 10% of total health expenditures and reaching 23 trillion JPY. The number of cancer patients has increased due to aging of the population and the number of survivors has increased due to improved diagnosis and treatment. Although the impact on productivity loss is basic information for planning support measures, this information is unclear in Japan. We therefore estimated productivity loss for cancer survivors in Japan. MethOds: We stratified cancer survivors as either recently diagnosed (≤ 1 year) or previously diagnosed (> 1 year). Based on official statistics, productivity loss for outpatients, admissions and deaths was calculated. Target subjects were gastric, colorectal, lung and breast cancer survivors aged 40 years and over. Their maximum employment age was assumed to be 75 years and the discount rate used was 2%. Results: Productivity loss for gastric cancer survivors recently diagnosed was 149.9 billion JPY (18.3 billion for outpatients, 10.2 billion for admissions, and 121.4 billion for deaths). On the other hand, productivity loss for gastric cancer survivors previously diagnosed was 275.6 billion JPY (8.5 billion for outpatients, 12.7 billion for admissions, and 254.4 billion for deaths). The highest productivity loss for male survivors recently diagnosed was observed for gastric cancer at 126.5 billion JPY and that for those previously diagnosed was observed for lung cancer at 268.2 billion JPY. The highest productivity loss for female survivors recently diagnosed was gastric cancer at 23.4 billion JPY and that of those previously diagnosed was observed for breast cancer at 111 billion JPY. cOnclusiOns: Productivity loss for cancer survivors has become a heavy burden that cannot be ignored. Supporting measures for cancer survivors should be considered from the perspective of health economics. PCN184 HeaLtHCare Cost aNd utiLizatioN amoNg u.s. PatieNts witH reLaPsed/ refraCtory systemiC LigHt CHaiN amyLoidosis (rraL)