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This study presents a high-efficient, compact, and broadband microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) based on substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) for X-band applications. The proposed array consists of three stacked layers from top to bottom, including one layer as the antenna layer and two SIW layers as a feeding network. The performance was focused on improving the impedance bandwidth and radiation efficiency by mitigating the loss from the feed network while also maintaining the compact design. To this end, the SIW feeding network was designed to feed the MPA to save the physical aperture size which resulted in a more compact and efficient radiating structure. The overall size of the proposed array is compact and extra surface area around the radiation aperture has not been occupied. The measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth span is from 8.9 to 10.9 GHz (20.2%). The maximum measured gain at 10.6 GHz is 10.6 dBi. The results show that the simulated radiation efficiency and the measured aperture efficiency are more than 75% and 50%, respectively. The fabricated array exhibits great advantages such as wide operating bandwidth, lightweight, low-cost, high aperture efficiency, high radiation efficiency, and compactness which make it a good candidate for X-band applications.

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A new class of multi-layer microstrip patch antenna (MPA) array fed by substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavities is presented for Ku-band applications. An efficient compact multi-layer SIW feeding network is designed, which has lower losses than the conventional corporate feeding network based on microstrip lines or coplanar waveguides. A 4 Â 4 array consists of four stacked layers, including three based on the SIW technology as a feeding network and one layer for the radiating antenna array. Each layer can easily be fabricated from a dielectric substrate and processed using the printed circuit board (PCB) technology.Afterward, all the PCB laminates are stacked together and tied by screws. The measured antenna operates from 11.2 to 13.6 GHz achieving 19.35% bandwidth. The measured peak gain at 12.5 GHz is 17.1 dBi, equivalent to 71.47% aperture efficiency. The fabricated array exhibits several advantages: broadband, low cost, compactness, high radiation efficiency, high aperture efficiency, and lightweight, which makes it a candidate for Ku-band satellite applications.