On January 20, 2023, the Nigerian Ministry of Health and other pertinent health organizations declared a diphtheria outbreak. As of Friday, 25 individuals had reportedly died in the case. The most affected group was children. One of the hardest-hit areas is Nigeria's northern state [1] .The precise number of incidents and fatalities has not yet been verified. Four of the 36 states that have been severely impacted by the outbreak are being monitored by the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Nigeria, which has set up an emergency response. The objective of this correspondence article is to evaluate the epidemiological distribution of diphtheria in Nigeria. The etiology of diphtheria concerns "Corynebacteria," the species most harmful concerning Corynebacterium diphtheria, which creates poisons modulating a contagion of public health concern. Corynebacterium diphtheria is a gram-positive, noncapsulated, nonmotile, and club-shaped bacteria [2] . Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Corynebacterium ulcerans are 2 further noteworthy but uncommon strains.The paralysis of the soft palate and throat muscles, ulcerating skin lesions, and the membrane's expansion into the trachea and larynx, leading to airway obstruction and myocarditis, are all complications of diphtheria [2] . Diphtheria cases decreased from ~1,000,000 annually to an average of 6582 between 2013 and 2017 globally, thanks to the advent of the diphtheria toxoid (DPT) vaccine in the 1950s [2,3] . Beginning in the 1990s, Russia carried the largest global burden [2] . Like other African nations, Nigeria underreports cases. In 2011, there were 98 instances in

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