Due to the lack of dependency for routing initiation and an inadequate allocated sextant on responding messages, the secure geographic routing protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have attracted considerable attention. However, the existing protocols are more likely to drop packets when legitimate nodes fail to respond to the routing initiation messages while attackers in the allocated sextant manage to respond. Furthermore, these protocols are designed with inefficient collection window and inadequate verification criteria which may lead to a high number of attacker selections. To prevent the failure to find an appropriate relay node and undesirable packet retransmission, this paper presents Secure Region-Based Geographic Routing Protocol (SRBGR) to increase the probability of selecting the appropriate relay node. By extending the allocated sextant and applying different message contention priorities more legitimate nodes can be admitted in the routing process. Moreover, the paper also proposed the bound collection window for a sufficient collection time and verification cost for both attacker identification and isolation. Extensive simulation experiments have been performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol in comparison with other existing protocols. The results demonstrate that SRBGR increases network performance in terms of the packet delivery ratio and isolates attacks such as Sybil and Black hole.

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Abstract-Ideally in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), the bandwidth (usually a single channel) and the radio transmission range are set to 250Kbps and 40m respectively to ensure error free communication. However, dense deployment of sensor exposes them to various sources of problems such as transmission error and link failure, which eventually leads to high retransmission rate that results in increased congestion, overhead, and delay in the limited shared channel thus hindering network performance. This paper investigates via simulation, the effect of increasing traffic under various bandwidth capacity in a multi-hop network operated using a state free cross-layer based routing protocols, which perform the lazy binding technique when routing. Extensive experiments undertaken on the state-free protocols have shown that the low channel capacity yields higher packet delivery ratio when compared to the higher bandwidth capacity, which is more exposed to interference and congestion.

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