Visfatin, a novel adipokine, is increased in obesity. It is not well known whether resistance training induced change in adipose tissue and blood lipids decrease plasma visfatin; thus, the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of 8 weeks' resistance training on plasma visfatin in middle-aged men. Nineteen healthy middle-aged men (aged 39.2 ± 4.6 years; height 173.8 ± 6.5 cm; BMI 24.8 ± 2.8 kg/m 2 ; mean ± SD) participated as subjects in this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to training group (n=9) or control group (n=10). Resistance training was performed for 3 days a week at an intensity corresponding to 65-80% of one-repetition maximum, 8-12 repetitions, 2-4 sets for 8 weeks. The results showed that body fat percent, WHR and plasma visfatin were decreased (p<0.05) in the training group. Maximum oxygen consumption, on the other hand, increased signifi cantly (p<0.05) in the training group compared with the control group. Plasma visfatin levels at baseline were positively correlated (p<0.05) with body fat percent and triglyceride concentration. In conclusion, it was seen that 8 weeks resistance training induced change in adipose tissue decreased plasma visfatin in middle-aged men.

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Background: Today, the prevalence of obesity is seen as a major social challenge, affecting the general health of societies, which creates irreversible psychological, social, and economic consequences. In this regard, exercise training is one of the most important interventions in preventing and controlling obesity and the associated metabolic factors, which can be an appropriate and low-cost option for promoting community health and to some extent, managing metabolic diseases. Objectives: The present study was aimed at evaluating the impact of eight weeks of aerobic exercises on the levels of oxidized LDL cholesterol (Ox-LDL) and cardiovascular risk factors among obese and overweight females. Methods: This study was conducted in Gachsaran, Iran in 2018. Following a public call for inclusion as part of this quasiexperimental study, 22 obese women who met the inclusion criteria that was set for the study were chosen and were then divided into experimental (exercise training) (n = 11) and control (n = 11) groups. The subjects in the experimental group ran for eight weeks, three sessions per week for 45 minutes at an intensity of 55% to 65% of maximal oxygen consumption (Vo2max). Independent and paired sample t-test were used to account for the variations. For statistical analysis SPSS-21 software was used, and the significance level was set to be less than P < 0.05. Results: The findings indicated that the participants' body mass indices in the experimental group significantly decreased (P < 0.001). In addition, it was found that insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin, glucose and lipoproteins (LDL-TC-TG), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly diminished (P < 0.001), whereas the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level went up (P < 0.001) following the treatment. No significant changes in Ox-LDL were found after eight weeks of aerobic exercise training (P = 0.07). Conclusions: It seems that eight weeks of exercise training with decreasing anthropometric indices, CRP levels, and insulin resistance, even without changing the levels of Ox-LDL, can prevent obesity and metabolic complications.

Background: β3-AR is an important factor involved in the activation of ERK protein signaling cascade, which can positively contribute to the regulation of adipose tissue metabolism and its conversion into brown adipose tissue. Diabetes mellitus can lead to dysfunction of these factors. Objectives: The current study aimed to investigate the effect of swimming training combined with cinnamon consumption on β3-AR and ERK2 gene expression in the visceral adipose tissue from diabetic rats. Methods: In this experimental-fundamental study, 35 male Wistar rats (mean weight: 200 ± 20 g) were selected and randomly assigned into four groups after the induction of diabetes by streptozotocin. These groups included: (1) healthy control, (2) control, (3) swimming, (4) cinnamon, and (5) swimming cinnamon (n = 7 in each group). The training groups were put through a five-days-a-week workout for four weeks according to the training protocol. Gene expression levels were measured by in vitro real-time PCR. The collected data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: The expression levels of β3-AR and ERK2 protein genes in the visceral adipose tissue of diabetic rats (P = 0.0001) were significantly affected by swimming training and cinnamon consumption. Conclusions: It was shown that cinnamon supplementation may have increased β3-AR levels, which was more effective than training, while training had a greater effect on ERK2 levels and increased them. Therefore, it was concluded that cinnamon consumption combined with training may have greatly contributed to the conversion of white adipose into brown adipose tissues.

The aim of this research was to study the effect of aerobic physical exercises on the performance and heart structure of diabetic mice. Thus, 48 male mice from Sprague Dawley race with the weight of 150-300 g were bought and divided randomly in four groups, each including 12 mice. These four groups consisted of the control group with physical exercise, the control group without physical exercise, diabetic group without physical exercise and diabetic group with physical exercise. These mice were affected by diabetes by the injection of streptozotocin. The exercise protocol included three procedures: the fi rst 4 weeks with the speed of 12 m in a minute during the time of 10 min, the second 4 weeks with the speed of 22-23 m in a minute during the time of 40 min and the fi nal 4 weeks with the speed of 23-25 m on a minute during the time of 1 h. In this research, the levels of blood sugar and the lipoproteins were measured by enzyme method and the blood pressure, thickness and cavity of heart by sensitive electrodes and echocardiography. The results showed that after 4 weeks of physical exercise, the levels of sugar, blood pressure and lipoproteins had not changed anyway but after 12 weeks of physical exercise, it was determined that the levels of blood sugar and blood pressure in diabetic group with physical exercise have decreased meaningfully (p<0.05). In addition, this low blood sugar and low blood pressure had a positive and meaningful relation with each other. Also the thickness and cavity of the ventricle in the diabetic group with physical exercise had increased but the changes in blood sugar had just meaningful relation with the changes in the thickness of the ventricle (p<0.05).on 12 May 2018 by guest. Protected by copyright.