Abiotic stresses especially heat, greatly affect the growth and development of tomato fruits and thus affect the final components of these fruits that increase the production of heat shock protein, phenolic compounds and antioxidants. These new compounds may enhance food quality under these conditions. Therefore, heat treatment may appears to be one of the most promising methods for postharvest control of quality. The aim of this study is utilization of tomato juice to produce a drink with high nutritive value and enhancing flavour and colour to enhance its acceptability among children and develop a novel product by adding heat-stressed tomato juice into the milk for better nutrition. Tomato juice was collected from different Incubation periods (1, 2, 4 and 8 days) in one bottle. Afterwards, milk formulations with 10, 15, 20 and 25 % tomato Juice were prepared. Characteristics of tomato fruits were assayed included antioxidant activity, total phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid and lycopene. Milk samples were assayed included gross composition, elements and viscosity. Heat stress treatment on tomato fruits resulted in higher contents of ascorbic acid, phenolic compounds, carotenoids and antioxidant activity in tomato juice. The application of add tomato juice to milk formulations leading to increase in the resulting acidity, accompanied by a rise in the viscosity values while decrease fat content. On the same side, the heat treatment led to the production of new proteins. These proteins were added to milk, accompanied by a decrease in the value of the total protein due to adding juice with different ratios.

Background Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) is a facultative halophyte showing various mechanisms of salt resistance among different ecotype cultivars. This study aimed to determine salt resistance limits for a Peruvian sea level ecotype “Hualhuas” and a Bolivian salar ecotype “Real” and elucidate individual mechanisms conferring differences in salt resistance between these cultivars. The plants were grown in sandy soil and irrigated with various saline solutions concentrations (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mM NaCl) under controlled conditions. Results High salinity treatment (500 mM NaCl) reduced the plant growth by 80% and 87% in Hualhuas and Real cultivars, respectively. EC50 (water salinity which reduces the maximum yield by 50%) was at a salinity of 300 mM NaCl for Hualhuas and between 100 and 200 mM NaCl for Real plants. Both cultivars were able to lower the osmotic potential of all organs due to substantial Na+ accumulation. However, Hualhuas plants exhibited distinctly lower Na+ contents and consequently a higher K+/Na+ ratio compared to Real plants, suggesting a more efficient control mechanism for Na+ loading and better K+ retention in Hualhuas plants. Net CO2 assimilation rates (Anet) were reduced, being only 22.4% and 36.2% of the control values in Hualhuas and Real, respectively, at the highest salt concentration. At this salinity level, Hualhuas plants showed lower stomatal conductance (gs) and transpiration rates (E), but higher photosynthetic water use efficiency (PWUE), indicative of an efficient control mechanism over the whole gas-exchange machinery. Conclusion These results reveal that Hualhuas is a promising candidate in terms of salt resistance and biomass production compared to Real.

Background: Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Wild.) is a facultative halophyte, showing various mechanisms of salt resistance among different ecotypes cultivars. This study aimed to determine salt resistance limits for a Peruvian sea level ecotype “Hualhuas” and Bolivian salar ecotype “Real” quinoa cultivars and elucidate individual mechanisms conferring differences in salt resistance of these cultivars. The plants were grown in sandy soil and irrigated with various water salinity levels (0, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mM NaCl) under greenhouse conditions. Results: At high salinity treatment, plant growth was reduced by 80% and 87% in Hualhuas and Real, respectively. Both cultivars were able to lower the osmotic potential of all organs due to substantial Na+ accumulation. However, Hualhuas plants exhibited distinctly lower Na+ contents and consequently higher K+/Na+ ratio compared to Real plants, suggesting a more efficient control mechanism on Na+ loading and better K+ retention in Hualhuas plants. Net CO2 assimilation rates (Anet) were reduced, being only 22.4% and 36.2% of the control values in Hualhaus and Real, respectively, at the highest salinity level. At full-strength salinity, Hualhuas plants showed lower stomatal conductance and transpiration rates, but higher photosynthetic water use efficiency, indicative of an efficient control mechanism over the whole gas-exchange machinery. Conclusion: These results reveal that Hualhuas is a promising candidate in terms of salt resistance and biomass production compared to Real.

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