Salsola grandis, Scutellaria yildirimlii and Sideritis gulendamii are rare and edaphic endemic species, which grow on marly-gypseous soils. The reason that there exists discontinuous distribution for these species is because they need special habitat type. In this study, it is aimed to determine the current population size, distribution area and threat factors for these endemic species. It is also aimed to re-evaluate the IUCN threat category according to 2012 IUCN Red List Category and Criteria because an increase in the population size and the distribution areas were determined by the discovery of the new localities. For small populations, the population size was assessed by counting mature individuals one by one. For relatively larger populations, the number of mature individuals were estimated via randomly chosen sampling areas with the size of 25 m 2 . Including the new localities, 4 localities of Sa. grandis have the occupancy area of 16 km 2 and the extent of occurrence area of 3529 km 2 . The estimated value of total number of mature individuals is 6067. Although the re-evaluation of collected data suggests that this species belongs to EN category, it is considered that CR category is the most suitable category for Sa. grandis regarding the risk of extinction in the near future. Sc. yildirimilii is distributed through 6 localities with the area of occupancy of 24 km 2 and the extent of occurrence of 1305 km 2 . The estimated value of total number of individuals is 92934. Obtained results suggests that Sc. yildirimlii belongs to the category EN in terms of the extent of occurrence and the area of occupancy whereas it is categorized under VU in terms of number of locations according to 2012 IUCN criteria. However, it is believed that EN category is much more suitable for this species. Si. gulendamii, whose area of occupancy and extent of occurrence are 28 km 2 and 5997 km 2 , respectively, has 7 localities. The estimated value of total number of mature individuals is 20563. Therefore, Si. gulendamii is reevaluated in EN category according to 2012 IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria taking into account the extent of occurrence, number of locations and threat factors.
This research covers the flora of Karz (Garez) Mountain (Tatvan-Bitlis). As result of the field survey carried out between 2009 and 2011, 2000 plant specimens have been collected. According to the taxonomical identification of these materials; 286 genera, 409 species, 162 subspecies and 81 varieties belonging to 61 families were determined. A total of 652 taxa have been determined from the area. 3 species of the total 652 taxa is belonging to Pteridophyta division and 649 taxa are belonging to Spermatophyta division. Gymnospermae and Angiospermae subdivisions have 3 and 646 taxa respectively. In Angiospermae, Dicotyledones and Monocotyledones include 559 and 87 taxa respectively. A total of 65 (9.96 %) endemic species have been determined from the area. It is determined that 3 taxa are new record for square B9.
In this study, we aimed to determine the population size and distribution areas and to reevaluate IUCN threat categories of Kalidium wagenitzii (Aellen) Freitag & G. Kadereit, Muscari adilii M.B. Güner & H. Duman and Verbascum gypsicola Vural & Aydoğdu, which are endemics of the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. The three species have limited distribution areas and high risk of extinction as a result of human impact. The perennial halophytic species K. wagenitzii was found in 5 localities around Salt Lake (Tuz Gölü) and a total number of 6458 mature individuals were determined. The area of occupancy of the species is 36 km 2 and the extent of occurrence is 213 km 2. Uncontrolled use of water resources for agricultural purposes is a serious threat factor for the species. Kalidium wagenitzii is listed in EN category according to the IUCN Red List criteria. Muscari adilii prefers marly soils and its habitat type is formed by secondary succession after the destruction of Pinus nigra and oak forests. It is known from 3 localities around Nallıhan-Beypazarı with a population size of 6144 mature individuals. The area of occupancy and the extent of occurrence of the species is 12 km 2 and 28 km 2 , respectively. The pressures on the species are road construction and increase of farmland, afforestation and factory establishment. According to the IUCN Red List criteria, the species is listed in CR category. Verbascum gypsicola is distributed on marly soils. It is known from 3 localities around Nallıhan-Beypazarı and one locality in Sivrihisar-Eskişehir with 2755 mature individuals in total. The area of occupancy of the species is 16 km 2 and the extent of occurrence is 269 km 2. Overgrazing and expansion of agricultural land, together with factory establishment are the major threats for this species, which is listed as EN in IUCN Red List. Özet: Bu çalışma ile Türkiye'nin İç Anadolu bölgesi için endemik olan K. wagenitzii (Aellen) Freitag & G. Kadereit, M. adilii M. B. Güner & H. Duman ve V. gypsicola Vural & Aydoğdu türlerinin popülasyon yapıları ve yayılış alanlarının belirlenmesi ve bunların sonucunda IUCN tehlike kategorilerinin tekrardan değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu türlerin seçilmesinin nedeni sahip oldukları sınırlı yayılış alanları ile insan faktörü sonucu yüksek oranda yok olma riski taşımalarıdır. Çok yıllık halofitik K. wagenitzii türünün Tuz Gölü çevresinde 5 lokalitede yayılışı belirlenmiş ve toplam olgun birey sayısı 6458 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yaşam alanları toplamı 36 km 2 olmasına karşın yayılış alanı 213 km 2 dir. Tarım amaçlı kontrolsüz su kaynaklarının kullanılması önemli bir tehdit faktörüdür. K. wagenitzii türünün tehdit kategorisi IUCN Kırmızı Liste kriterlerine göre EN olarak değerlendirilmiştir. M. adilii marnlı toprakları tercih etmekte ve habitat tipi P. nigra ve meşe ormanlarının yıkımı sonucu oluşan steplerdir. Nallıhan-Beypazarı çevresinde 3 lokaliteden bilinmekte ve olgun birey sayısı 6144 olarak belirlenmiştir. Yaşam alanları toplamı ve yayılış alanı sırasıyla 12 km 2 ve 28 km 2 dir. ...
The habitats of many plant species are under severe threat, especially from human activities. Therefore, it was aimed to determine the genetic potential of endemic Verbascum gypsicola in Turkey. Samples were taken from 96 individuals belonging to four populations of V. gypsicola. While the percentage of polymorphic locus at the species level was 99.5%, the average percentage of polymorphic locus at the population level was 61.1%, the Nei gene diversity was H = 0.14; the Shannon information index was determined as I = 0.24. At the same time, the total genetic diversity of the species, genetic diversity within the populations, genetic diversity among populations and gene flow values between the populations were determined as HT = 0.14, HS = 0.13, GST = 0.11 and NM = 3.72, respectively. Within‐population variation was 81%, among‐population variation was 8% and interregional variation was 11% according to AMOVA. Results from STRUCTURE analyses revealed two major groupings of populations and some divergence within one of the major groupings. While the genetic diversity at the species level was high, the genetic diversity at the population level was found to be lower than observed for previously studied Verbascum species. The most important reason for this is thought to reductions in population size, driven by environmental damage.
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