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With the advancement of the poultry industry, the basic need for the use of cryopreservation technology of poultry sperms has emerged, given that it is the basic technology that preserves the genetic resources of different breeds and establishes genetic banks that in turn contribute to the establishment of different strains and lines. The technology of cryopreservation of sperm has encountered many considerations and obstacles, as the impressions of this technique are divided into three topics, the first impression believes that this technique is largely unsuccessful, while the second suggests a great potential in the preservation process. The third impression believes that cryopreservation is an encouraging and promising operation shortly. Similar to the cryopreservation of sperm in mammals, two methods were used in poultry: the slow and rapid freezing (vitrification). In both types, similar results were obtained where the fertility rates of the sperm did not exceed 40%. Due to the morphological and physiological differences between poultry and mammals’ sperms, three cryoprotectants have been widely used in poultry cryopreservation: dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylacetamide and glycerol, glycerol is the most widely used due to its molecular properties that contribute to maintaining the highest survival rate and fertility after freezing (high permeability and low cytotoxity). The main obstacle facing this technique remains in how to treat the remaining quantities of the aforementioned cryoprotectants, which lead to a decrease in the fertility capacity after freezing and during artificial insemination. The numerous protocols used, whether in slow or rapid freezing, greatly affected fertility rates, as both the equilibrium and freezing stages played a decisive role in obtaining the highest possible rates of fertility, vitality and survivability of the sperm after thawing. It is concluded from the current review that the cryopreservation technology of poultry sperm is still in a non-advanced stage and needs many new methods to contribute to raising the fertility capacity, vitality and survivability rates after freezing.

The present study was conducted to compare the effect of adding waterly extract of black seeds(Nigella Sativa ), chamomile and fenugreek seeds individually with drinking water on the productive performance of broilers, the addition started from the age of 8 days. It used 180 unsexed chicks from the Ross 308 strain and randomly distributed the chicks to 4 treatments. The Control treatment where drinking water was provided to the birds free of any addition.T1-Treatment of addition of watery extract of Nigella Sativa with bird drinking water T2-Treatment of adding watery extract of chamomile with bird drinking water. T3-Treatment of adding watery extract of fenugreek with bird drinking . The results of the statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant improvement in the rate of final live body weight, the rate of weight gain and feed consumed for T1 and T2 treatments . There were no significant differences among treatments in the feed conversion ratio, there was no mortality of chicks during duration of the experiment.

“Embryo transfer” technology is one of the deterministic techniques related to the production of in vitro or in vivo produced embryos. This technique controls to a large extent the integrity of the developmental component of early embryos and their ability to develop later until birth. Pregnancy rates resulting from the transferred embryos were widely dispersed and associated with many variables and factors. The developmental stage of early embryos had a significant impact on pregnancy rates, as most studies agreed to transfer embryos in the blastocyst and morula stages due to the high rates of pregnancy (40%-100%) compared to the blastomeres. Embryo cryopreservation technology (rapid and slow) competed to a large extent with fresh embryos in pregnancy rates, even surpassing the latter in some cases, as the percentage approached 100%. The resulting pregnancy rates varied greatly (up to 95%) according to the method of transferring and hormonal induction. The results were mainly based on the size and type of the animal on the one hand and on the nature of the biological activity and the specific function of the hormones (progesterone, prostaglandin F2α, gonadotropin - releasing hormone and follicle - stimulating hormone, etc.) involved in regulating estrus in donors and recipients on the other hand. This review concluded that the embryo transfer technology has given many scenarios that cannot lead to an inevitable result in judging the efficacy of the technology of in vitro embryo production, but the results are encouraging and require further efforts.