Penelitian tentang hukum Islam, baik yang normatif maupun yang empiris belum sepenuhnya memanfaatkan ilmu-ilmu sosial humaniora. Hukum Islam, dalam realitasnya memiliki dimensi historis dan antropologis sejak diwahyukannya, sehingga penggunaan teori-teori sejarah maupun antropologi dapat menjadi pisau analisis dalam penelitian hukum Islam. Kerangka teoritik dalam penelitian hukum Islam dengan pendekatan antropologi hukum dapat dilakukan dengan mengintegrasikan teori-teori dalam ulum al-Qur’an, ushul fiqh, dan teori-teori ilmu sosial, seperti sejarah, antropologi, maupun sosiologi. Ruang lingkup kajiannya mencakup dua hal, yaitu penetapan hukum dalam al-Qur’an dan akulturasi hukum Islam dengan budaya lokal. Hukum-hukum dalam al-Qur’an secara historis diturunkan secara gradual dengan mempertimbangkan situasi sosiologis masyarakat penerimanya. Hal ini mengindikasikan adanya proses adopsi, adaptasi dan integrasi antara wahyu al-Qur’an dengan kebiasaan atau tradisi lokal Arab pada masanya. Oleh karena itu, penting untuk memetakan antara nilai-nilai universal dengan nilai-nilai lokal yang terkandung dalam hukum Islam. Pemetaan ini bermanfaat untuk melihat sisi mana yang tidak bisa diubah dan sisi mana yang dapat diadaptasikan dengan perkembangan peradaban manusia. Dengan demikian pendekatan antropologi hukum memiliki kontribusi untuk menjelaskan adaptabilitas hukum Islam dalam hukum modern.

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The presence of Thai people in Pattani through annexation or conquest, from the Kingdom of Siam to Thailand have changed the socio-cultural Muslim community. Thai Buddhist nation perform a lot of cultural assimilation of Malay Muslim Pattani. The assimilation pursued through politics, education, culture, and law. Political stripes do with the ideology developed, namely "nation, king, religion" that subjecting all citizens into one nationalism. Education path is done through standardized education policy, namely the obligation to teach the language and history of Thai and Buddhist teachings. Cultural path had taken through migration north to south and the formation of "peaceful village". The last path is the law through legal intervention in the form of restrictions on the entry into force of Islamic law and the jurisdiction of Dato 'Yuthithams, the elimination of Islamic justice as consolidated by the civilian justice and law enforcement Thai civilians in Pattani. This assimilation project met with resistance from Pattani Muslim community, as it is considered as an attempt to deculturate Malay Muslim culture that identifies them. The aim of this resistance is to get autonomy in Pattani province to the desire to become an independent state.Abstrak Kehadiran bangsa Thai di Pattani melalui aneksasi atau penaklukan, mulai dari Kerajaan Siam hingga berganti menjadi Thailand, mengubah sosio-kultur masyarakat Muslim. Bangsa Thai yang beragama Budha banyak melakukan assimilasi terhadap kebudayaan Muslim Melayu Pattani. Assimilasi tersebut ditempuh melalui jalur politik, pendidikan, budaya, dan hukum. Jalur politik dilakukan dengan mengembangkan ideologi “nation, king, religion” yang menundukkan semua warga negara ke dalam satu nasionalisme. Jalur pendidikan dilakukan melalui kebijakan standarisasi pendidikan, yaitu kewajiban mengajarkan bahasa dan sejarah Thai serta ajaran Budha. Jalur budaya ditempuh melalui program migrasi penduduk utara ke selatan dan pembentukan “peaceful village”. Jalur terakhir adalah jalur hukum yang dilakukan melalui intervensi hukum berupa pembatasan berlakunya hukum Islam serta kewenangan Dato’ Yuthithams, penghapusan peradilan Islam karena disatukan dengan peradilan sipil dan pemberlakuan hukum sipil Thai di Pattani. Proyek assimilasi ini mendapatkan perlawanan dari masyarakat Muslim Pattani, karena dianggap sebagai upaya dekulturisasi kultur Melayu Muslim yang menjadi identitas mereka. Tujuan perlawanan ini adalah untuk mendapatkan otonomi di wilayah Pattani hingga keinginan untuk menjadi negara yang merdeka.

Enforcement of Islamic law in Indonesia has historically and empirically problem. Debating in this case is not a new discourse of Islamic law, but of a "burden of history" which until this moment has not been completed. Political law of Dutch colonial that twist the facts enactment of Islamic law, caused  marginalization of the Shari'ah in the Indonesian legal system. As a result, there are fragmentation among the Muslims in the form and establishes the basic state at the beginning of independence. Two groups of Muslims appeared, namely the secular nationalist and Islamic nationalist group. During reformation period, appear artifisialistic and reductionist understanding, when Islamic law narrowed at the level of legal provisions that formal and rigid. The emergence of regional regulations of Shari'ah,  was more the efforts of syariah formalization rather than enforcing the doctrine of universal substance. It can be seen from the regulated materials that only at the outside or the skin only, not on the key issues that touch the lives of many people. Besides, it appears a group that understands the shari'ah as a solution and a way of life that is totalistic, without considering aspects of historicity and contextuality. As a result is widespread understanding of Islamism is more emphasis than substance formalization. Transformation understand fundamentalism in the Middle East are sourced from Wahhabi’s teachings that has a big influence in developing the ideology called salafiyah ideological.

Islamic law, including divorce law, has a dialectical relationship withthe traditions of Arab society as its first recipient. Therefore, explainingIslamic law must consider the historical and anthropological situationArab’s community in 7th century AD. The social structure, politics,and economics of Arab society at that time had a strong influence for theenforcement of Islamic law. Anthropologically, the differences of the rightsand obligations between husband and wife in the law of divorce wasinseparable from the dynamics of a growing cultural community. Islamiclaw governs the conduct of divorce as it adjusts to the social conditionsof Arab society at the time. So the divorce legal texts in the Quran mustbe explained by the socio-cultural context of the recipient. When thesocio-cultural is change, change of the law of divorce is permissible. Thesubstance of the law of divorce in Islam is to place the divorced parties(husband and wife) to be equal, ie, have the same rights and obligations.The difference in the rights and obligations of husband and wife foundin texts of Islamic law due to the efforts of adoption, adaptation, andintegration of the revelation of the Qur’an with the traditions of Arabsociety. In the context of socio-cultural system now, can be a mediumfor constructing the divorce laws in Islamic law towards social justice.