RESUMOPartindo da abordagem evolucionista objetivou-se identificar efeitos da imprevisibilidade familiar na infância e das diferenças em função do sexo sobre propensão ao risco, expectativa de futuro e percepção de exposição à violência. Participaram 233 jovens (117 homens, M=18,96 anos). O grupo com maior imprevisibilidade na infância apresentou maior risco de competição e expectativa de vida. Homens apresentaram maiores taxas de propensão ao risco e exposição direta à violência; mulheres maiores taxas de exposição indireta à violência. Concluiu-se que imprevisibilidade familiar e diferenças em função do sexo não apresentaram efeitos lineares sobre as variáveis estudadas, como previsto a partir da abordagem evolucionista. Aponta-se a necessidade de integrar teorias biológicas, psicológicas e sociais e de desenvolver instrumentos adaptados para a população brasileira.Palavras-chave: risco; sexo; imprevisibilidade familiar. ABSTRACT Effects of Family Unpredictability and Sexual Differences on Risk-taking, Violence Exposure and Future Discounting of College Students: An Evolutionary PerspectiveFrom an evolutionary perspective, this study aimed to identify effects of sex differences and childhood family unpredictability on risk-taking, future discounting and perceptions of exposure to violence among young people. Participants were 233 people (117 men, M = 18.96 years). The group with higher childhood family unpredictability presented higher risk of competition and life expectancy. Men presented higher rates of risk-taking and direct exposure to violence; women presented higher rates of indirect exposure to violence. We concluded that family unpredictability and sex differences did not show linear effects on the variables studied, as predicted from the evolutionary approach. The need to integrate biological, psychological and social theories and to develop appropriate instruments for the Brazilian population is emphasized.
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