Intravenous and oral caffeine are effective and noninvasive treatments for PDPH. Epidural NaCl 0.9% or dextran are alternatives when the EBP is unsuccessful or contraindicated. Several methods of pharmacologic management have been cited in the literature, but all require further evaluation.

Special mattress overlays and seat cushions for the prevention of pressure sores constitute a large portion of the rehabilitation products market. Consumers frequently face economic concerns in choosing among these products. This article summarizes the favorable and unfavorable features of major support surface types: foam, air-filled, flotation, and alternating air. A careful consideration of characteristics, such as fire safety, patient comfort, and ease of transfer and handling, may facilitate selection and result in more satisfied users and caregivers.

In a randomized clinical trial, 187 adult patients with chronic neurologic conditions who were at a high risk of developing pressure sores were assigned for 3 months to either an alternating air (AA) mattress overlay or a silicore (S) mattress overlay. Costs associated with each overlay were calculated and compared by adding depreciation and yearly expenses related to maintenance, operation, and repair for 148 patients who completed the trial. Acceptability was measured by questionnaires and interviews involving 45 of the patients' primary nurses and a sample of 40 patients (20 from each overlay group). The annual cost of the AA overlay was 54% more than that of the S overlay. Although most nurses (more than 74%) believed that both overlays helped prevent pressure sores and deter their progression, many (more than 56%) would not recommend either type to other facilities or to patients at home due to specific negative features. Implications for manufacturers, investigators, clinicians, and administrators are identified.

Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been an increasing number of hate crimes perpetrated against Chinese and non-Chinese Asian Americans. Some hate incidents suggest that Chinese Asian Americans have been mainly targeted followed by non-Chinese Asian Americans. The present study examined the influence of victim Chinese phenotypicality (CP) and participant individual differences on COVID-19-related prejudice and discrimination. Participants were presented with a mock news story detailing a restaurant employee (varying in CP) who tested positive for COVID-19 but went to work despite warnings to quarantine and allegedly spread COVID-19 to other employees and customers. CP was manipulated through photographs embedded within the mock news story of the employee (White (control) vs. Low CP vs. High CP). After reading the news story, participants completed measures of prejudice and discrimination endorsement along with measures of individual differences. Results revealed that CP influenced prejudice and support for discrimination, but only for individuals with certain characteristics (e.g., low income). The findings highlight individual difference characteristics among perpetrators of prejudice and discrimination against Asian Americans, in addition to phenotypic variations among those who may be victims of hate related to the COVID-19 pandemic.

No abstract