Background: Infectious syphilis rates have been increasing in Winnipeg, Manitoba among individuals during their childbearing years. Untreated or inadequately treated prenatal infection often results in congenital syphilis, with devastating consequences to fetal health and survival. The objective of this study was to review public health surveillance data regarding congenital syphilis incidence and birthing parent risk factors in Winnipeg from 2018 to 2020. Methods: Data extracted from a population-based surveillance database maintained by the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Public Health investigations for all 2018–2020 probable or confirmed cases of early congenital syphilis or syphilitic stillbirth were reviewed. Rates of congenital syphilis were calculated per 1,000 live births. Descriptive analyses were performed to describe birthing parent age, neighbourhood of residence, intravenous substance use, Child and Family Services involvement, access to prenatal care and obtainment of adequate prenatal treatment. Results: There were eight cases of confirmed/probable congenital syphilis in 2018, 22 cases in 2019 and 30 cases in 2020. Average birthing parent age was 26.5–27.0 years. The majority (66.7%) of birthing parents lived in inner city neighbourhoods with known infectious syphilis outbreaks. Over 50% of birthing parents did not receive any prenatal care, or the care received consisted of inadequate treatment or follow-up. Reinfection among birthing parents who did receive prenatal care was suspected in an additional 23.3% of cases. Conclusion: Congenital syphilis rates in Winnipeg have increased dramatically. Public health and healthcare provider efforts to address the needs of the community are vital for promoting access to safe and effective prenatal care.
This paper examines the policy of safer crack use kit (SCUK) distribution within the city of Winnipeg, Canada. Publicly funded, SCUK distribution policy has been a contested topic throughout Canada, despite evidence that crack users represent some of the most marginalized members of society. Using the four pillars approach to drug policy as a guideline, the balance of allocation of resources for harm reduction is critiqued. Harms associated with crack use are broadly categorized as being associated with methods of use or social harms. The effectiveness of the current SCUK policy is examined according to the guiding principles of reduced harms and cost effectiveness. Research supports SCUK distribution based on the merits of increased health contacts and harm reductions. Data indicate the SCUK distribution policy supports efforts to reduce the transmission of communicable disease, notably Hepatitis C. A cost‐benefit analysis and assessment of the policy's effectiveness in reducing harms supports continuation of SCUK. Our conclusion advocates for the expansion of the current policy to emphasize further engagement and greater emphasis on working against associated social harms, but notes the need for further research on the topic. Benefits of peer‐based kit distribution are discussed and potential alternatives to the current SCUK policy are explored.
Contexte : Les taux de syphilis infectieuse ont augmenté à Winnipeg, au Manitoba, chez les personnes en âge de procréer. Une infection prénatale non traitée ou incorrectement traitée entraîne souvent une syphilis congénitale, avec des conséquences dévastatrices pour la santé et la survie du fœtus. L’objectif de cette étude était d’examiner les données de surveillance de la santé publique concernant l’incidence de la syphilis congénitale et les facteurs de risque des personnes enceintes à Winnipeg de 2018 à 2020. Méthode : Les données extraites d’une base de données de surveillance de la population tenue par les enquêtes de santé publique de l’Office régional de la santé de Winnipeg pour tous les cas probables ou confirmés de syphilis congénitale précoce ou de mortinaissance syphilitique de 2018 à 2020 ont été examinés. Les taux de syphilis congénitale ont été calculés pour 1 000 naissances vivantes. Des analyses descriptives ont été effectuées pour décrire l’âge des personnes enceintes le quartier de résidence, la consommation de substances par voie intraveineuse, l’implication des Services à l’enfance et à la famille, l’accès aux soins prénataux et l’obtention d’un traitement prénatal adéquat. Résultats : Il y a eu huit cas de syphilis congénitale confirmée/probable en 2018, 22 cas en 2019 et 30 cas en 2020. L’âge moyen des personnes enceintes était de 26,5 à 27,0 ans. La majorité (66,7 %) des personnes enceintes vivaient dans des quartiers du centre-ville où des éclosions de syphilis infectieuse étaient connues. Plus de 50 % des personnes enceintes n’ont reçu aucun soin prénatal, ou les soins reçus consistaient en un traitement ou un suivi inadéquat. Une réinfection chez les personnes enceintes ayant reçu des soins prénataux a été suspectée dans 23,3 % des cas supplémentaires. Conclusion : Les taux de syphilis congénitale à Winnipeg ont augmenté considérablement. Les efforts de la santé publique et des prestataires de soins de santé pour répondre aux besoins de la communauté sont essentiels pour promouvoir l’accès à des soins prénataux sûrs et efficaces.
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