Conflitos de interesse: nada a declarar. ResumoObjetivo: Identificar as associações dos fatores de natureza social com a prematuridade.Métodos: Estudo transversal com método correlacional, realizado a partir de um banco de dados de um município de médio porte no interior de São Paulo, contendo informações de todos os recém-nascidos no período de janeiro de 2018 a julho de 2020, voltadas para a identificação de riscos sociais e biológicos após o nascimento.Resultados: A análise incluiu 4.480 recém-nascidos, dos quais 78,9% foram classificados como bebês de risco habitual e 21,1% como de risco. Dentre os fatores de risco de natureza social dos recém-nascidos analisados no presente estudo, observou-se maior prevalência dos recém-nascidos que possuíam o chefe de família sem renda, tinham mães com menos de 16 anos, irmão morto com idade inferior a 5 anos e mães que não realizaram o seguimento de pré-natal, sendo que os dois últimos tiveram associação com a prematuridade.Conclusão: Os fatores de natureza social apresentaram associação com a prematuridade. Este estudo permitiu melhorar o banco de dados de vigilância do recém-nascido, facilitando a elaboração e o planejamento da assistência à saúde.
Objective: to identify the cumulative prevalence of biological and social risk factors at birth. Method: a cross-sectional study, with retrospective data collection, carried out with live births in a medium-sized city, from January 2018 to July 2020. A database was used with information aimed at identifying social and biological risks after birth, assessed descriptively. Results: the sample consisted of 4,480 newborns, of which 78.9% were classified as at usual risk, and 21.1% as at risk. The cumulative prevalence showed that most newborns had more than one risk factor, with biological risks being the most prominent: need for admission to Intensive Care Unit, birth with less than 37 weeks of gestation and weight less than 2,500 g. Among the social risks, the following stand out: newborns who had a dead sibling aged less than 5 years old; head of family without income; mothers under 16 years old and who did not undergo prenatal care. The biological risk rate was 7.39 times higher than the social risk rate. Conclusion: the cumulative prevalence of the risks found was significant, with a considerable part of the sample presenting some biological risk.
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